Modelo 390 — Annual VAT Summary Spain

Modelo 390 — Annual VAT Summary Spain (Resumen Anual del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido) is the annual informative declaration required under Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (LIVA) art. 164 and Real Decreto 1624/1992 (Reglamento del IVA) art. 71, by which VAT-registered operators in Spain must submit to the Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT) a thorough summary of all IVA operations conducted during the calendar year, consolidating the data from all periodic Modelo 303 (quarterly or monthly VAT returns) filed throughout the year.

Modelo 390 is a purely informative declaration — no tax payment is made with it. Its function is to provide the AEAT with a complete annual picture of each operator's VAT activity: total taxable base (base imponible) by tax rate (21%, 10%, 4%, and 0%), total output VAT charged (IVA repercutido), total input VAT deducted (IVA deducible or soportado), the annual VAT balance (resultado de la declaración anual), and sector-specific data where the operator applies multiple VAT regimes (prorrata general, prorrata especial, recargo de equivalencia, or special VAT regimes for agriculture, livestock, and fisheries under LIVA arts. 124–135).

The Modelo 390 declaration compiles data from four types of taxable activity: domestic sales of goods and services (operaciones interiores), imports (importaciones), intra-Community acquisitions (adquisiciones intracomunitarias) and deliveries (entregas intracomunitarias), and reverse-charge transactions (inversión del sujeto pasivo) under LIVA art. 84. Each category is broken down by applicable VAT rate — the general rate (tipo general) of 21%, the reduced rate (tipo reducido) of 10%, and the super-reduced rate (tipo superreducido) of 4% — as established by LIVA arts. 90–91 and periodically updated by the Presupuestos Generales del Estado.

Operators subject to the Suministro Inmediato de Información (SII) regime under Real Decreto 596/2016 — including large businesses (grandes empresas) with annual turnover exceeding €6 million, VAT groups (grupos de IVA), and voluntary SII participants — are exempted from filing Modelo 390 since the AEAT already has real-time access to their invoicing data through the SII system. For all other VAT-registered operators in Spain (sociedades limitadas, sociedades anónimas, autónomos, and other entities), Modelo 390 remains mandatory.

The filing deadline for Modelo 390 is January 30 of the year following the calendar year being reported — for example, the annual VAT summary for 2024 must be filed by 30 January 2025. Filing is exclusively electronic through the AEAT Sede Electrónica using a certificado digital, DNIe, or Cl@ve PIN. The Modelo 303 for Q4 (October–December) is typically filed simultaneously with Modelo 390, both having the same January 30 deadline.

The prorrata rule (regla de prorrata) under LIVA arts. 102–106 — applicable to operators making both taxable and exempt supplies (actividades mixtas) — significantly affects Modelo 390. The general prorrata percentage (porcentaje de prorrata general) calculated at year-end determines the final deductible proportion of input VAT, and any regularisation (regularización anual de la prorrata) must be reflected in both the Q4 Modelo 303 and the corresponding Modelo 390. Operators applying special prorrata (prorrata especial) under LIVA art. 103 must disclose the specific sectors and percentages in Modelo 390.

Modelo 390 — Annual VAT Summary Spain must be filed by all operators registered for IVA in Spain — through the Censo de Empresarios, Profesionales y Retenedores (Modelo 036 or 037) — who are not enrolled in the SII regime and who have filed at least one Modelo 303 during the calendar year. The obligation applies regardless of whether the operator had VAT liability during the year — even if all Modelo 303 returns showed zero activity or a refund balance, Modelo 390 must be filed.

Modelo 390 is required for all sociedades limitadas (S.L.), sociedades anónimas (S.A.), cooperativas, and other legal entities registered for VAT in Spain when they are not large enterprises subject to the SII regime. Autónomos (self-employed professionals and sole traders) operating under the general VAT regime, simplified VAT regime (régimen simplificado), or the recargo de equivalencia regime must also file Modelo 390.

Modelo 390 is needed when an operator applied the prorrata rule during the year — the annual Modelo 390 is where the final prorrata percentage is determined and the regularisation of input VAT deductions for the year is calculated. Any difference between the provisional prorrata used during the year and the final annual prorrata is corrected in the last Modelo 303 of the year (Q4) and declared in Modelo 390.

Modelo 390 is required when an operator changed their VAT regime during the year — for example, transitioning from the simplified VAT regime to the general regime, or beginning to make exempt supplies that triggered application of the prorrata. The annual summary must reflect the activity under each regime for the corresponding periods.

Modelo 390 is needed when an operator carried out capital goods investment (bienes de inversión) subject to the regularisation scheme under LIVA arts. 107–110 — the annual declaration must include capital goods register data (libro registro de bienes de inversión) and any annual regularisation adjustments to previously deducted input VAT.

Modelo 390 is not required for operators enrolled in the SII regime, since real-time invoice reporting through the SII system replaces the annual summary. SII operators still file periodic Modelo 303 returns but are exempt from Modelo 390. The AEAT confirms SII status through the operator's tax census registration.

Under Spanish law, the Constitución Española 1978 is the supreme law. The Código Civil governs contractual obligations under Article 1255 (libertad de pactos). The AEAT administers taxation. The Juzgados de Primera Instancia have general civil jurisdiction. The Ley 39/2015 governs administrative procedure. The LOPDGDD (LO 3/2018) and RGPD govern data protection through the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD).

A correctly completed Modelo 390 — Annual VAT Summary Spain under LIVA art. 164 and Real Decreto 1624/1992 art. 71 must include the following mandatory sections and data elements.

Declarant Identification: NIF (Número de Identificación Fiscal) of the declarant, full legal or business name, fiscal year (ejercicio), main economic activity (actividad económica principal) identified by CNAE code (Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas), and the applicable VAT regime(s). If the operator carried out activities under multiple VAT regimes during the year, each regime must be identified separately.

Output VAT Summary (IVA Devengado): Total taxable bases (bases imponibles) and output VAT amounts for each tax rate — general (21%), reduced (10%), and super-reduced (4%) — broken down by transaction type: domestic sales, intra-Community acquisitions, reverse-charge transactions, imports, and advance payments. The total annual output VAT (total IVA devengado) is summed across all operations and rates.

Input VAT Summary (IVA Deducible): Total input VAT deducted for each category of purchase — current goods and services used in the business (bienes corrientes y servicios), capital goods (bienes de inversión), imports, intra-Community acquisitions, and reverse-charge purchases. Input VAT subject to prorrata limitation must be reduced by the applicable prorrata percentage before being declared as deductible.

Prorrata Data: Operators applying the general prorrata rule must declare the provisional prorrata percentage used during the year, the final annual prorrata percentage calculated at year-end, and the resulting regularisation amount. Operators using special prorrata must identify each activity sector and the corresponding deduction percentage for each sector.

Annual VAT Result: The difference between total output VAT (IVA devengado) and total deductible input VAT (IVA deducible) determines the annual VAT result. Where the annual result shows a refund balance (resultado a compensar or a devolver), the operator may request a VAT refund through Modelo 303 Q4 or carry the balance forward to offset in future Modelo 303 returns.

Capital Goods Register Summary: Operators with capital goods subject to multi-year regularisation (LIVA arts. 107–110) must include a summary of each capital good — acquisition date, original input VAT deducted, the applicable regularisation period (5 years for moveable assets, 10 years for real property), and any annual regularisation adjustments made during the year.

Forms-legal.com provides this Modelo 390 template as a reference guide. The annual VAT summary involves complex reconciliation between accounting records, Modelo 303 filings, and invoice books — engage a gestor administrativo or asesor fiscal to prepare Modelo 390, particularly if prorrata rules, capital goods, or multiple VAT regimes apply.

Sector Activity Data: Where the operator carries out activities under different VAT regimes or in different economic sectors (sectores diferenciados under LIVA art. 9.1.c), Modelo 390 must be completed separately for each sector — identifying the CNAE code of each activity, the applicable VAT regime, the output and input VAT for that sector, and the applicable deduction percentage.

Reconciliation with Accounting Records: Before filing Modelo 390, the declarant must reconcile the annual VAT totals against the Libro Registro de Facturas Emitidas and Libro Registro de Facturas Recibidas maintained under Real Decreto 1619/2012. Any differences between accounting records and periodic Modelo 303 filings must be identified and correctly allocated to the reporting period. The AEAT's cross-checking of Modelo 390 against the sum of Modelo 303 returns is one of the most common triggers for comprobaciones limitadas under LGT art. 136.

Additional compliance elements for a Modelo 390 — Annual VAT Summary Spain used in Spain include: Under Spanish law, the Constitución Española 1978 is the supreme law. The Código Civil governs contractual obligations under Article 1255 (libertad de pactos). The AEAT administers taxation. The Juzgados de Primera Instancia have general civil jurisdiction. The Ley 39/2015 governs administrative procedure. The LOPDGDD (LO 3/2018) and RGPD govern data protection through the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD). Forms-legal.com provides this template as a starting point for Spain-compliant documentation.