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Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil)

Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil)

DEMANDA DE JUICIO ORAL MERCANTIL

Conforme a los Artículos 1390 bis al 1390 bis 42 del Código de Comercio

C. JUEZ/A DEL [Court Name]:

[Plaintiff Name], con RFC [Plaintiff RFC], con domicilio en [Plaintiff Address], representado/a por [Plaintiff Counsel], con el debido respeto comparezco para demandar en la vía del JUICIO ORAL MERCANTIL a [Defendant Name], con RFC [Defendant RFC], con domicilio en [Defendant Address], a cargo de su representante [Defendant Representative], en los términos siguientes.

I. JURISDICCIÓN Y COMPETENCIA

El presente asunto se tramita en la vía del Juicio Oral Mercantil conforme a los Artículos 1390 bis al 1390 bis 42 del Código de Comercio. [UMA Threshold Declaration]

II. HECHOS

Relación Mercantil: [Commercial Relationship].

[Facts Narration]

Fecha de Incumplimiento: [Default Date].

III. PRESTACIONES RECLAMADAS

1. Suerte principal: [Principal Amount].

2. Intereses moratorios: [Interest Rate].

3. Pena convencional (si aplica): [Penalties]

4. Costas judiciales: [Legal Costs].

IV. PRUEBAS DOCUMENTALES OFRECIDAS

[Evidence List]

V. FUNDAMENTOS DE DERECHO

La presente demanda se funda en los Artículos 75, 362, 1049, 1104, 1105 y 1390 bis al 1390 bis 42 del Código de Comercio; en los Artículos aplicables de la Ley General de Títulos y Operaciones de Crédito (LGTOC); en el Código Civil Federal en lo supletorio conforme al Artículo 2 CCom; y en la jurisprudencia aplicable del Semanario Judicial de la Federación.

VI. PETICIÓN

Por lo expuesto y fundado, atentamente solicito a Usted, C. Juez/a: PRIMERO. Tener por presentada la presente demanda en la vía del Juicio Oral Mercantil. SEGUNDO. Admitirla y ordenar el emplazamiento de [Defendant Name] en el domicilio señalado. TERCERO. En su oportunidad, dictar sentencia condenando al demandado al pago de las prestaciones reclamadas en el apartado III del presente escrito.

FIRMA

Presentada el [Filing Date].

EL/LA ACTOR(A) / SU REPRESENTANTE LEGAL:

[Plaintiff Name]

Firma: _________________________

Plaintiff / Actor (Demandante)

________________

Signature

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What Is a Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil)?

An Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil) is the initial court filing that commences the juicio oral mercantil — Mexico's oral commercial dispute resolution procedure governed by Articles 1390 bis through 1390 bis 42 of the Código de Comercio (CCom), as introduced by the Decreto por el que se reforman y adicionan diversas disposiciones del Código de Comercio published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 27 January 2011 and subsequently reformed in 2014 and 2017. The procedure was designed to overcome the traditional limitations of Mexican commercial litigation — lengthy written proceedings, excessive continuances, and years of procedural delay — by mandating oral hearings with immediate evidence presentation, limiting continuances, and compressing the typical commercial dispute timeline from several years to 4–6 months.

The juicio oral mercantil operates under the principle of inmediación (immediacy) — the judge who conducts the preliminary hearing (audiencia preliminar) must personally conduct the oral trial hearing (audiencia de juicio oral) and must issue the judgment within the hearing or within a short post-hearing period under Article 1390 bis 39 CCom. The oral proceeding applies to commercial matters (materias mercantiles) that do not exceed a monetary threshold of 1,158 times the Unidad de Medida y Actualización (UMA) — approximately MXN 591,502 as of 2025 at the monthly UMA value of $108.57. Claims above this threshold proceed under the traditional juicio ordinario mercantil or the juicio ejecutivo mercantil under the general CCom proceeding rules.

The Código de Comercio is the principal federal statute governing commercial transactions (actos de comercio) under Article 75 CCom, including commercial sales (compraventa mercantil), commercial credit instruments (títulos de crédito including pagarés, letras de cambio, and cheques under the Ley General de Títulos y Operaciones de Crédito — LGTOC), supply agreements (contratos de suministro), distribution contracts (contratos de distribución), agency agreements (contratos de agencia), and any other act performed for profit by a comerciante (merchant) registered with the Registro Público de Comercio under Articles 16 et seq. CCom. Mexican commercial courts (juzgados mercantiles) have jurisdiction over all disputes arising from commercial acts, regardless of whether the parties are individual merchants (comerciantes personas físicas) or commercial legal entities (sociedades mercantiles under the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles).

Jurisdiction for the juicio oral mercantil is divided between federal and state courts depending on the nature of the claim and the parties. Federal Juzgados de Distrito en Materia Civil (which also hear commercial matters) located in each federal judicial circuit have jurisdiction over matters that fall under federal jurisdiction — principally bankruptcy (concurso mercantil under the Ley de Concursos Mercantiles), federal securities transactions, and matters between parties from different states where federal jurisdiction is elected. State civil courts (juzgados civiles de primera instancia) with mercantile jurisdiction hear most ordinary commercial disputes between parties in the same state. The Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación and Tribunales Colegiados de Circuito review commercial judgments on constitutional questions through the amparo directo mechanism.

The juicio oral mercantil operates within Mexico's broader judicial modernisation agenda driven by the constitutional reform of 18 June 2008 and the subsequent reforms to the Código de Comercio. The Consejo de la Judicatura Federal (CJF) oversees the federal commercial judiciary and publishes annual statistics on oral proceeding disposition times, case resolution rates, and compliance with the CCom Article 1390 bis 39 judgment-issuance deadline. State judiciaries that have adopted the oral commercial model report average resolution times of three to five months from filing to final judgment — a significant improvement over the eight to twelve year timelines documented for traditional written proceedings before the 2011 reform.

When Do You Need a Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil)?

A Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil Mexico is required whenever a person — individual merchant (comerciante) or commercial legal entity — seeks to enforce a commercial claim within the UMA-threshold jurisdictional limit of the oral proceeding through a Mexican commercial court, and the dispute arises from a commercial act (acto de comercio) under Article 75 CCom.

The filing is needed when a supplier seeks payment for goods delivered under a commercial sale contract (compraventa mercantil) and the buyer has defaulted — the oral proceeding allows the supplier to present the purchase order, delivery receipts, and invoice as documentary evidence in a single hearing and obtain judgment within weeks rather than years.

The demanda is required when a services provider (prestador de servicios) seeks to collect unpaid fees under a commercial service agreement — IT services, accounting services, construction subcontracting (in commercial rather than government contracts), or marketing services — and the client refuses to pay the agreed consideration without legal justification. The oral proceeding's immediacy is particularly valuable for service providers whose claims are clearly documented and factually unambiguous.

The filing is needed for collection of commercial credit instruments (títulos de crédito) — pagarés (promissory notes), letras de cambio (bills of exchange), and cheques under the LGTOC — when the oral proceeding's simplified evidence rules allow direct presentation of the original signed instrument as the primary basis for judgment. The juicio ejecutivo mercantil (executive proceeding) under Article 1391 CCom may be more appropriate for endorsed credit instruments with immediate executive force, but the oral proceeding is used when the debtor contests the instrument's validity.

The demanda is also required for commercial lease disputes (conflictos de arrendamiento de local comercial) within the UMA threshold — including unpaid commercial rent, breach of lease obligations, and contractual damage claims — where the oral proceeding's flexible evidence rules allow presentation of lease contracts, bank transfer records, and photographic evidence of property condition efficiently.

Distributors, agents (agentes comerciales), and franchisees who claim unpaid commissions, breach of exclusivity obligations, or unjustified contract termination under the CCom use the oral proceeding to vindicate their rights efficiently against manufacturers and franchisors when the claim amount falls within the oral proceeding's jurisdiction.

What to Include in Your Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil)

A properly drafted Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil Mexico under Articles 1390 bis through 1390 bis 42 of the Código de Comercio must contain the following elements to be admitted by the competent court and to effectively initiate the oral commercial proceeding.

Court and Jurisdictional Heading: The full name and address of the competent commercial court (Juzgado Civil y Mercantil or Juzgado de Distrito en Materia Civil with mercantile jurisdiction) in the judicial district where the defendant is domiciled (fuero del demandado under Article 1104 CCom) or where the commercial obligation was to be performed (fuero del lugar de cumplimiento under Article 1105 CCom), along with the subject matter designation (Juicio Oral Mercantil). Incorrect jurisdictional designation is grounds for dismissal (incompetencia) under CCom Articles 1110–1116, though the court may refer the case to the competent court rather than dismiss it entirely.

Plaintiff Identification (Actor): Full legal name, RFC, address, and legal capacity of the actor (plaintiff) — whether a persona física comerciante or a persona moral (SA de CV, S de RL, or other commercial entity) represented by an authorised representative with poder para pleitos y cobranzas executed before a Notario Público. The actor's attorney must hold a Cédula Profesional as licenciado en derecho issued by the SEP Dirección General de Profesiones under the Ley General de Profesiones.

Defendant Identification (Demandado): Full legal name, RFC, and registered or known address of the demandado (defendant), sufficient to enable the court to serve process (emplazamiento). If the defendant is a legal entity (persona moral), the corporate name, RFC, and address of its registered agent or legal representative must be provided. Incorrect or incomplete defendant identification is a common cause of service failure that delays proceedings significantly.

Claim Amount and UMA Threshold Declaration: The total monetary amount claimed, expressed both in Mexican pesos (MXN) and as a multiple of the current monthly UMA, with explicit confirmation that the amount does not exceed 1,158 UMAs (the oral proceeding threshold under Article 1390 bis CCom). Including a UMA calculation table based on the current year's INEGI-published UMA value demonstrates the claim falls within the oral jurisdiction and preempts a threshold challenge from the defendant.

Statement of Facts (Narración de Hechos): A clear, chronological, numbered narrative of the events giving rise to the commercial claim — identifying the commercial relationship (tipo de relación mercantil), the specific obligation owed (obligación incumplida), the date the obligation arose, the date of default, the creditor's demands for payment or compliance (requerimientos previos), and the defendant's failure to respond or comply. Facts must be stated with specificity: dates, amounts, invoice numbers, delivery records, and any prior out-of-court collection efforts should be incorporated.

Legal Basis (Fundamentos de Derecho): Citation of the applicable provisions of the Código de Comercio, the Ley General de Títulos y Operaciones de Crédito (LGTOC) if the claim involves credit instruments, the Código Civil Federal (CCF) for supplementary civil law principles incorporated into commercial law under Article 2 CCom, and any applicable Supreme Court jurisprudencia (tesis jurisprudenciales) from the Semanario Judicial de la Federación supporting the legal theory of the claim. Commercial courts expect precise statutory citations — vague references to general principles are insufficient.

Evidentiary Exhibits: All documentary evidence (pruebas documentales) must be attached to the demanda as numbered exhibits (anexos) under Article 1390 bis 12 CCom — original signed contracts (contratos), invoices (facturas electrónicas CFDI), delivery receipts (acuses de recibo), bank transfer records (comprobantes de transferencia bancaria), collection demand letters (cartas de cobro), text messages and emails (if admissible under digital evidence rules), and the original credit instruments if applicable. The oral proceeding concentrates evidence at the audiencia preliminar and audiencia de juicio — any document not filed with the demanda may be excluded if the opponent objects to late introduction.

Relief Requested (Prestaciones Reclamadas): A precisely numbered list of each remedy sought — the principal amount (suerte principal), default interest (intereses moratorios) at the contractually agreed rate or the legal rate under CCom Article 362, costs and attorney's fees (costas judiciales), and any other agreed contractual penalty (pena convencional under Article 1840 CCF). The court's judgment is limited by the terms of the prestaciones reclamadas — underclaiming forfeits the unclaimed amounts permanently.

Forms-legal.com provides this Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico as a reference document. Filing a demanda in Mexican commercial court requires a licensed abogado postulante with experience in commercial litigation. Courts accept filings through the Poder Judicial's electronic filing system (MINTERACT or the state equivalent) as well as in paper at the juzgado's oficialía de partes.

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Forms Legal. (2026). Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil) (Mexico) [Legal document template]. Forms Legal. https://forms-legal.com/mexico/government/court-forms/oral-commercial-proceeding-filing-mexico

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BibTeX
@misc{formslegal-oral-commercial-proceeding-filing-mexico,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Oral Commercial Proceeding Filing Mexico (Demanda de Juicio Oral Mercantil) (Mexico)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/mexico/government/court-forms/oral-commercial-proceeding-filing-mexico}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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