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Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor)

ERTE por Fuerza Mayor España

SOLICITUD DE ERTE POR FUERZA MAYOR

Expediente de Regulación Temporal de Empleo por Fuerza Mayor

Conforme al artículo 47.3 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (RDL 2/2015) y al Real Decreto 1483/2012 (artículos 31–33)

1. EMPRESA SOLICITANTE

Denominación social: [Employer Name]

NIF/CIF: [Employer NIF]

Domicilio social: [Employer Address]

Código de Cuenta de Cotización (CCC) de la TGSS: [Employer CCC]

Representante legal: [Employer Representative]

Registro Mercantil: [Registro Mercantil]

2. DIRIGIDO A: AUTORIDAD LABORAL

Autoridad Laboral competente: [Autoridad Laboral]

Fecha de presentación de la solicitud: [Request Date]

Al amparo del artículo 47.3 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015) y de los artículos 31 a 33 del Real Decreto 1483/2012, [Employer Name] presenta la presente solicitud de constatación de fuerza mayor (resolución administrativa) para autorizar la suspensión temporal de contratos de trabajo / reducción de jornada de los trabajadores que se relacionan a continuación.

3. CAUSA DE FUERZA MAYOR

Tipo de fuerza mayor: [Force Majeure Type]

Fecha del evento: [Event Date]

Descripción: [Event Description]

Documentación acreditativa aportada: [Supporting Documents]

El empresario manifiesta que el evento descrito constituye fuerza mayor en el sentido del artículo 47.3 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores — un acontecimiento extraordinario, externo e imprevisible que impide directamente la prestación de trabajo a los empleados afectados y que resulta ajeno al control o ámbito de actividad del empresario.

4. TRABAJADORES AFECTADOS

Número total de trabajadores afectados: [Total Affected Workers]

Tipo de medida laboral: [Suspension Type]

Detalle de los trabajadores: [Affected Workers Description]

Notificación a los representantes de los trabajadores: [Workers Rep Notification]

5. PERÍODO DE SUSPENSIÓN PROPUESTO

Fecha de inicio propuesta: [Suspension Start Date] (coincidente con la fecha en que el evento de fuerza mayor imposibilitó la prestación de trabajo)

Fecha estimada de finalización: [Suspension End Date]

El empresario solicita que la resolución de la Autoridad Laboral autorice la suspensión con efectos retroactivos desde el [Suspension Start Date], conforme al artículo 33.1 del Real Decreto 1483/2012. El empresario reconoce que la Autoridad Laboral debe dictar resolución en el plazo de 5 días hábiles desde la recepción del expediente completo, y que se aplicará el silencio administrativo positivo conforme al artículo 33.2 del Real Decreto 1483/2012 en caso de no dictarse resolución en dicho plazo.

6. COMUNICACIÓN COLECTIVA AL SEPE Y PRESTACIONES DE LOS TRABAJADORES

Comunicación colectiva al SEPE: [SEPE Communication]

Los trabajadores suspendidos en virtud del presente ERTE por fuerza mayor tienen derecho a la prestación por desempleo del Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) conforme a los artículos 267 a 271 de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social (RDL 8/2015), al tipo del 70% de la base reguladora, sin necesidad de acreditar el período mínimo de cotización previa exigido con carácter general, conforme a las normas especiales aplicables a los ERTE de fuerza mayor.

7. EXONERACIONES DE COTIZACIONES A LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL (SI PROCEDE)

Solicitud de exoneración de cuotas: [Contribution Exemption]

Compromiso de mantenimiento del empleo: [Employment Maintenance Commitment]

8. MARCO JURÍDICO

La presente solicitud de ERTE se rige por el artículo 47.3 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre) y por el Real Decreto 1483/2012, de 29 de octubre. Las prestaciones por desempleo de los trabajadores se rigen por los artículos 267 a 271 de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social (Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015). En su caso, resulta de aplicación el Mecanismo RED regulado en el artículo 47 bis del ET, introducido por la Ley 32/2021 de reforma laboral.

FIRMAS

Firmado por el representante legal del empresario en fecha [Request Date].

EMPRESA:

[Employer Name]

Representada por: [Employer Representative]

Firma: _________________________ Fecha: _________________________

Declaro que toda la información contenida en la presente solicitud de ERTE es veraz y que la documentación acreditativa aportada refleja las circunstancias reales del evento de fuerza mayor.

Firma: _________________________ Fecha: _________________________

Empresario / Representante Legal

________________

Signature

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What Is a Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor)?

A Force Majeure ERTE Spain (Expediente de Regulación Temporal de Empleo por Fuerza Mayor) is a specific mechanism under Article 47.3 of the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015) that allows an employer to temporarily suspend employment contracts or reduce working hours when an extraordinary, unforeseeable, and unavoidable external event (fuerza mayor) prevents normal business operations, without requiring the consultation period (período de consultas) mandatory for ERTE ETOP causes. The suspension takes effect only after the Autoridad Laboral — the Dirección General de Trabajo of the competent Autonomous Community or the Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social for multi-region companies — issues an administrative determination (resolución administrativa) confirming the existence of force majeure.

Force majeure (fuerza mayor) under Article 47.3 ET covers events external to the employer's sphere of control that are objectively unforeseeable and unavoidable — including natural disasters (inundaciones, terremotos, incendios), epidemics and pandemics, government-ordered closures (cierres decretados por la autoridad competente), and armed conflicts or civil emergencies affecting the workplace. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the scale at which force majeure ERTEs can operate — Royal Decree-Law 8/2020, de 17 de marzo, declared all ERTE arising from COVID-19 government restrictions as force majeure ERTEs, resulting in more than 3.4 million workers being covered at the peak in April 2020, processed through SEPE's enlarged administrative capacity.

The procedure for a force majeure ERTE under Article 47.3 ET and Real Decreto 1483/2012 (Articles 31 to 33) requires the employer to submit a request (solicitud) to the Autoridad Laboral with documentary evidence of the force majeure event — police reports (atestados policiales), fire service certificates (certificados de bomberos), government closure orders (resoluciones administrativas de cierre), or insurance loss reports. The Autoridad Laboral must consult the Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social (ITSS) and issue a determination within 5 working days of the request. The determination authorises the suspension from the date the force majeure event occurred, not from the date of the request.

A key advantage of force majeure ERTEs over ETOP ERTEs is the availability of social security contribution exemptions (exoneraciones de cuotas de la Seguridad Social). Under successive emergency legislation since 2020, and now through the permanent Mecanismo RED framework under Article 47 bis ET introduced by Ley 32/2021 de reforma laboral, employers using force majeure ERTEs in Government-declared crisis situations are eligible for partial or total exemption from employer social security contributions — reducing the employer's cash outflow during suspension while workers receive full SEPE benefits.

Workers suspended under a force majeure ERTE receive desempleo from the Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) under Articles 267 to 271 of the Ley General de la Seguridad Social (RDL 8/2015) at the standard rate of 70% of the base reguladora, without needing to have accumulated the minimum prior contribution period (período mínimo de cotización) otherwise required for unemployment benefit — a special rule that also applied to all COVID-19 ERTEs under Royal Decree-Law 8/2020 and was made permanent for force majeure situations.

The legal framework governing the Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor) in Spain draws on several key statutes and regulatory bodies. Under the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET) RDL 2/2015, Spanish employment law governs contracts, dismissals, and working conditions. The Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) administers social security contributions. The Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) manages unemployment benefits. The Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social enforces labour compliance. The Juzgados de lo Social hear employment disputes under the Ley Reguladora de la Jurisdicción Social (Ley 36/2011). Parties executing a Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor) in Spain should confirm the document reflects current law, including any amendments enacted since the original drafting date. The Estatuto de los Trabajadores (RDL 2/2015), Article 47.3 sets the foundational requirements.

When Do You Need a Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor)?

A Force Majeure ERTE Spain is needed when a business is directly affected by an extraordinary external event that prevents normal operations, and the employer needs to suspend employment contracts immediately without waiting for the 15-day consultation period required for ETOP ERTEs — the force majeure mechanism allows faster suspension while the administrative determination is pending.

The force majeure ERTE is required when government authorities issue a mandatory closure order (cierre obligatorio) affecting the business's premises or sector — for example, during a declared state of emergency (estado de alarma) under Ley Orgánica 4/1981, environmental emergency, or public health crisis managed by the Ministerio de Sanidad that prevents access to the workplace.

An ERTE por Fuerza Mayor is needed when a natural disaster — flood (inundación), earthquake (terremoto), fire (incendio), or extreme weather event — physically destroys or renders inaccessible the employer's premises, making it impossible to provide work to employees until the premises are repaired or alternative arrangements made.

The agreement is required when an essential supplier ceases operations due to a force majeure event, causing a supply chain disruption that prevents the employer from maintaining production — where the impossibility is direct and documented, this may qualify as indirect force majeure under Spanish administrative practice, subject to the Autoridad Laboral's determination.

A Force Majeure ERTE is needed when the company wishes to access government-activated exoneraciones de cuotas de la Seguridad Social available during declared economic crises or sectoral emergencies under the Mecanismo RED framework — only employers with an approved force majeure or Mecanismo RED ERTE qualify for these contribution exemptions.

Parties in Spain should prepare a Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor) proactively rather than waiting for a dispute to arise. Courts interpret agreements based on the written terms rather than oral representations. Under the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET) RDL 2/2015, Spanish employment law governs contracts, dismissals, and working conditions. The Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) administers social security contributions. The Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) manages unemployment benefits. The Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social enforces labour compliance. The Juzgados de lo Social hear employment disputes under the Ley Reguladora de la Jurisdicción Social (Ley 36/2011). Where the transaction involves regulated activities, prior approval from the relevant authority may be required before execution.

What to Include in Your Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor)

A valid Force Majeure ERTE application and suspension agreement under Article 47.3 ET and Real Decreto 1483/2012 must include the following elements for the Autoridad Laboral determination and SEPE benefit processing.

Employer Identification: Full legal name, NIF/CIF, registered address, Código de Cuenta de Cotización (CCC) from the TGSS, Registro Mercantil details, and name and position of the legal representative (administrador or apoderado) submitting the request.

Description and Evidence of Force Majeure: A precise factual description of the extraordinary event constituting force majeure, with the date of occurrence and its direct causal connection to the impossibility of providing work. Supporting documentation must accompany the request — official government closure orders (resoluciones), police or fire service certificates (certificados), meteorological agency reports (AEMET reports for natural events), insurance company damage assessments, or news agency records for significant public events.

Scope of Affected Workers: A list of all workers proposed for suspension — full name, DNI/NIE, Social Security Number (NSS), job title (puesto de trabajo), professional group (grupo profesional), and the percentage of working hours proposed for suspension or reduction. The list must be provided simultaneously to workers' representatives (comité de empresa or delegados de personal) — who are informed but not consulted, unlike ETOP ERTEs.

Proposed Duration: The proposed start date (coinciding with the force majeure event) and estimated end date of the suspension — the Autoridad Laboral determination may adjust the start date to the actual date the force majeure event made work impossible.

SEPE Collective Communication: A collective communication (comunicación colectiva) submitted to the SEPE simultaneously with the Autoridad Laboral request, listing all suspended workers, their suspension dates, the percentage of hours suspended, and their individual social security numbers, enabling SEPE to initiate collective benefit processing before the individual workers submit their own claims.

Social Security Contribution Exemption Request: Where the force majeure ERTE qualifies for exoneraciones de cuotas under an applicable Royal Decree or the Mecanismo RED, the employer's request to the TGSS for contribution exemption must be filed within the deadline specified in the relevant regulation — typically within 15 days of the Autoridad Laboral's determination — specifying the months for which exemption is claimed and the percentage of exemption applicable.

Maintenance of Employment Commitment: A formal undertaking by the employer to maintain the suspended workers' employment for the agreed safeguard period after the force majeure ends — typically 6 months — failure to honour which requires reimbursement to the TGSS of all exempted social security contributions, plus a 20% surcharge under the applicable Royal Decree.

Workers' Representative Notification: Written simultaneous notification to the workers' representatives (comité de empresa or delegados de personal) of the force majeure ERTE request — they receive the same documentation as the Autoridad Laboral, may submit observations, but do not have veto power over the employer's decision, unlike the ETOP consultation process.

Forms-legal.com provides this Force Majeure ERTE Spain template as a starting point for employers facing extraordinary business disruptions. Given the administrative complexity of the ERTE procedure, employers should work with a qualified abogado laboralista and gestor laboral to file the Autoridad Laboral request and SEPE collective communication within the strict procedural deadlines under Real Decreto 1483/2012.

Additional compliance elements for a Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor) used in Spain include: Under the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET) RDL 2/2015, Spanish employment law governs contracts, dismissals, and working conditions. The Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) administers social security contributions. The Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) manages unemployment benefits. The Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social enforces labour compliance. The Juzgados de lo Social hear employment disputes under the Ley Reguladora de la Jurisdicción Social (Ley 36/2011). Forms-legal.com provides this template as a starting point for Spain-compliant documentation.

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@misc{formslegal-force-majeure-erte-spain,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Force Majeure ERTE Spain (ERTE por Fuerza Mayor) (Spain)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/espana/employment/termination/force-majeure-erte-spain}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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Statute-referenced template — Template last modified June 2026

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