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Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble)

Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble)

Codigo Civil Arts. 2432-2457 — Decreto Ley 960/1970

ESCRITURA PUBLICA DE HIPOTECA

Escritura Pública de Hipoteca — Código Civil Arts. 2432-2457 — Decreto Ley 960/1970

CLÁUSULA 1 — PARTES

Entre [Mortgagor Name], identificado con [Mortgagor CC/NIT], domiciliado en [Mortgagor Address], teléfono [Mortgagor Phone] (en adelante el "CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO");

Y [Mortgagee Name], identificado con [Mortgagee CC/NIT], domiciliado en [Mortgagee Address], representado por [Representative] (en adelante el "ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO");

Las partes otorgan la presente Escritura Pública de Hipoteca de conformidad con los artículos 2432-2457 del Código Civil y el Decreto Ley 960 de 1970, sujeta a las siguientes estipulaciones:

CLÁUSULA 2 — INMUEBLE HIPOTECADO

El CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO constituye hipoteca de primer grado sobre el siguiente inmueble:

Dirección: [Property Address]

Matrícula Inmobiliaria (ORIP): [Matricula]

Ficha Catastral (IGAC): [Ficha Catastral]

Área: [Property Area] | Tipo: [Property Type]

Descripción: [Property Description]

El CONSTITUYENTE declara tener dominio pleno sobre el inmueble, libre de hipotecas previas, embargos, condiciones resolutorias u otras limitaciones, según consta en el certificado de tradición y libertad expedido por la ORIP.

CLÁUSULA 3 — OBLIGACIÓN GARANTIZADA

3.1

Tipo de hipoteca: [Mortgage Type], conforme al artículo 2433 del Código Civil.

3.2

Monto de la obligación principal: [Principal Amount] COP. Descripción: [Obligation Description].

3.3

Cuantía total de la hipoteca (cuantía máxima): [Mortgage Amount] COP, que cubre el capital, intereses a la tasa de [Interest Rate], sanciones y costas de ejecución.

3.4

Plazo de amortización: [Repayment Term], contado a partir de la fecha de otorgamiento de la presente escritura pública.

CLÁUSULA 4 — ATRIBUTOS DE LA HIPOTECA

La presente hipoteca ostenta los siguientes atributos conforme al Código Civil: indivisibilidad (artículo 2438 — la hipoteca grava la totalidad del inmueble hasta la plena satisfacción de la obligación garantizada); derecho de persecución (el ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO puede perseguir el inmueble en manos de quien se encuentre); y prelación (pago preferencial con el producto del remate según la fecha de inscripción, conforme al artículo 2444).

CLÁUSULA 5 — INCUMPLIMIENTO Y EJECUCIÓN

Eventos de incumplimiento: [Default Events].

Ante la ocurrencia de cualquier evento de incumplimiento, el ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO podrá iniciar proceso ejecutivo con título hipotecario ante el Juzgado Civil del Circuito, conforme a los artículos 467-470 del Código General del Proceso (Ley 1564 de 2012), solicitando el embargo, secuestro y remate del inmueble hipotecado, con pago preferencial conforme al artículo 2495 del Código Civil.

CLÁUSULA 6 — SEGUROS

Requisitos de seguro: [Insurance Required]. El CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO mantendrá vigentes todas las pólizas de seguro requeridas durante el plazo de la hipoteca, designando al ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO como beneficiario principal. El incumplimiento de esta obligación constituye un evento de incumplimiento.

CLÁUSULA 7 — OBLIGACIONES DEL CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO

El CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO deberá: mantener el inmueble en buen estado de conservación; pagar oportunamente el impuesto predial (Ley 44 de 1990) y las cuotas de administración (Ley 675 de 2001); abstenerse de vender, donar o transferir el inmueble sin el previo consentimiento escrito del ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO; no constituir hipotecas adicionales ni gravámenes sin autorización; y permitir las inspecciones por parte del acreedor hipotecario o sus agentes designados.

CLÁUSULA 8 — CANCELACIÓN DE LA HIPOTECA

Una vez satisfecha la totalidad de la obligación garantizada, el ACREEDOR HIPOTECARIO otorgará escritura pública de cancelación de hipoteca ante Notario Público dentro de los sesenta (60) días calendario siguientes, en cumplimiento del artículo 18 de la Ley 546 de 1999 para créditos de vivienda. La cancelación deberá inscribirse ante la ORIP para eliminar el gravamen del folio de matrícula inmobiliaria.

CLÁUSULA 9 — REGISTRO

La presente escritura pública de hipoteca deberá inscribirse ante la Oficina de Registro de Instrumentos Públicos (ORIP), conforme a la Ley 1579 de 2012, en el folio de matrícula inmobiliaria [Matricula]. El registro tiene carácter constitutivo: la hipoteca produce efectos frente a terceros únicamente a partir de la fecha de inscripción. Los costos de registro (derechos de registro e impuesto de registro departamental) son de cargo del CONSTITUYENTE HIPOTECARIO.

OTORGAMIENTO

La presente Escritura Pública de Hipoteca es otorgada en [Notaria], en [City], el [Date], de conformidad con los artículos 2432-2457 del Código Civil y el Decreto Ley 960 de 1970.

Constituyente Hipotecario (Mortgagor)

[Mortgagor Name]

Signature

Acreedor Hipotecario (Mortgagee)

[Mortgagee Name]

Signature

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What Is a Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble)?

Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble) is a solemn contract governed by Codigo Civil Articles 2432 through 2457 through which a property owner (constituyente hipotecario) grants a real security right (derecho real de garantia) over immovable property in favour of a creditor (acreedor hipotecario) to secure the payment of a principal obligation, typically a loan or credit facility.

Codigo Civil Article 2432 defines hipoteca as a real right (derecho real) constituted over immovable property that remains in the debtor's possession, granting the creditor the right to pursue the property in whomever's hands it may be found (derecho de persecucion), to have it sold at public auction, and to be paid preferentially from the proceeds (derecho de preferencia). Article 2434 establishes the solemn nature of the mortgage contract — hipoteca must be constituted through escritura publica before a Notario Publico under Decreto Ley 960 de 1970 (Estatuto del Notariado) and registered (inscrita) in the folio de matricula inmobiliaria at the Oficina de Registro de Instrumentos Publicos (ORIP) under Ley 1579 de 2012 to produce legal effects against third parties.

The Corte Suprema de Justicia Sala Civil has consistently held that hipoteca is an accessory contract (contrato accesorio) — its existence and validity depend on the principal obligation it secures. Codigo Civil Article 2433 permits hipoteca to secure not only existing obligations but also future obligations (obligaciones futuras), enabling the constitution of hipoteca abierta (open mortgage) that secures all present and future obligations between the same parties up to a maximum amount (cuantia maxima). Colombian banks — Bancolombia, Banco de Bogota, Davivienda, BBVA Colombia, Banco de Occidente — routinely require hipoteca abierta as security for mortgage loans (creditos hipotecarios) and revolving credit facilities.

Codigo Civil Article 2439 establishes the principle of especialidad (specificity) — the mortgage must identify the specific property encumbered and the maximum amount secured. Article 2440 permits mortgage over future property (bienes futuros) only when the constituyente acquires them and registers the mortgage. The Superintendencia de Notariado y Registro (SNR) supervises the registration process, and the ORIP offices in each circulo registral maintain the folios de matricula inmobiliaria where mortgages are recorded as a gravamen (encumbrance).

Foreclosure (ejecucion hipotecaria) proceedings in Colombia follow the proceso ejecutivo with titulo hipotecario under Codigo General del Proceso (Ley 1564 de 2012) Articles 467 through 470. The acreedor hipotecario files the demanda ejecutiva before the Juzgado Civil del Circuito, presenting the escritura publica de hipoteca and the titulo ejecutivo (such as a pagare or contrato de mutuo) evidencing the unpaid obligation. The court orders embargo and secuestro of the mortgaged property, which is then sold at public auction (remate) with the mortgage creditor receiving preferential payment from the proceeds under Codigo Civil Article 2495 (prelacion de creditos).

Ley 546 de 1999 (Ley Marco de Vivienda) establishes specific rules for mortgage loans financing vivienda (housing), including maximum interest rates tied to the UVR (Unidad de Valor Real) or fixed rates approved by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, mandatory prepayment rights without penalty for housing loans, and protections against abusive foreclosure of family residences. The Corte Constitucional in Sentencia C-955 de 2000 upheld these protections as constitutional guarantees of the right to dignified housing (vivienda digna) under Constitucion Politica Article 51.

The hipoteca in Colombia carries three fundamental attributes established by the Codigo Civil: indivisibilidad (Article 2438 — the mortgage encumbers the entire property regardless of partial payment of the secured obligation); derecho de persecucion (the creditor may pursue the property even if sold to third parties); and prelacion (preferential payment from auction proceeds according to the mortgage's registration date). Multiple mortgages may encumber the same property — Codigo Civil Article 2444 establishes that their priority is determined by registration date at the ORIP (primero en tiempo, primero en derecho).

When Do You Need a Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble)?

Mortgage Deed Colombia is required whenever a property owner must grant a real security right over immovable property to secure a financial obligation in Colombia.

Borrowers obtaining mortgage loans (creditos hipotecarios) from Colombian financial institutions — Bancolombia, Banco de Bogota, Davivienda, BBVA Colombia, Banco de Occidente, Banco Popular, Banco AV Villas — supervised by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia must execute a hipoteca through escritura publica before a Notario Publico as a condition for loan disbursement. The bank requires hipoteca abierta (open mortgage) securing all present and future obligations up to 130% to 150% of the loan amount, registered at the ORIP before releasing funds.

Purchasers of vivienda de interes social (VIS) and vivienda de interes prioritario (VIP) accessing government-subsidised mortgage loans through the Fondo Nacional del Ahorro (FNA), Cajas de Compensacion Familiar, or the Mi Casa Ya programme of the Ministerio de Vivienda, Ciudad y Territorio must constitute hipoteca in favour of the lending institution as security for the subsidised credit.

Business owners securing commercial loans, lines of credit, or overdraft facilities with Colombian banks need hipoteca over commercial or industrial real estate — locales comerciales, bodegas, oficinas, lotes industriales — as collateral. Codigo Civil Article 2433 permits hipoteca to secure future obligations, allowing businesses to constitute a single hipoteca abierta covering multiple credit facilities with the same bank.

Private lenders (mutuantes) extending secured loans (contratos de mutuo con garantia hipotecaria) to individuals or companies under Codigo Civil Articles 2221-2235 need a properly constituted hipoteca through escritura publica and ORIP registration to obtain the real security right with derecho de persecucion and prelacion.

Constructors and property developers securing project financing (creditos constructor) from fiduciarias and banks must constitute hipoteca over the development property — Codigo Civil Articles 2432-2457 apply equally to lots under development, and the hipoteca extends to constructions and improvements (mejoras) under Article 2445.

Under Codigo Civil Article 2434, a hipoteca that is not constituted through escritura publica and registered at the ORIP has no legal effect — an unregistered mortgage grants no real right and provides no preferential payment in insolvency proceedings under Ley 1116 de 2006.

What to Include in Your Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble)

A valid Mortgage Deed Colombia under Codigo Civil Articles 2432-2457 must contain the following essential elements to constitute an enforceable real security right registered at the Oficina de Registro de Instrumentos Publicos (ORIP).

Identification of the Constituyente Hipotecario (Mortgagor): Full legal name and cedula de ciudadania (CC) of the property owner granting the mortgage. For corporate constituyentes: razon social, NIT (Numero de Identificacion Tributaria) from the DIAN, Camara de Comercio registration, and CC of the representante legal — verified through a recent certificado de existencia y representacion legal. Codigo Civil Article 2436 requires the constituyente to be the owner (propietario) of the property or authorised to encumber it — mortgage by a non-owner is void (nula) under Colombian law.

Identification of the Acreedor Hipotecario (Mortgagee): Full legal name and CC of the creditor, or for institutional lenders: razon social, NIT, Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia registration number, and CC of the representante legal authorised to accept mortgages.

Complete Property Description (Descripcion del Inmueble Hipotecado): Physical address including departamento, municipio, barrio, and nomenclatura. Matricula inmobiliaria number from the ORIP — the unique registry identifier under Ley 1579 de 2012. Ficha catastral from the Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi (IGAC) or municipal catastro. Property area in square metres — area privada and area construida for horizontal property units under Ley 675 de 2001. Linderos (boundaries) matching the description in the titulo de propiedad (ownership title). Reference to the certificado de tradicion y libertad confirming ownership and disclosing existing encumbrances.

Principal Obligation Secured (Obligacion Principal Garantizada): Detailed description of the obligation secured by the mortgage — loan amount, interest rate, repayment schedule, maturity date. For hipoteca abierta under Codigo Civil Article 2433: specification of the maximum amount (cuantia maxima) secured and the categories of obligations covered (existing and future). Reference to the pagare, contrato de mutuo, or other titulo ejecutivo evidencing the obligation.

Mortgage Amount and Type (Cuantia y Modalidad): Total amount for which the mortgage is constituted — typically 130% to 150% of the principal obligation to cover interest, penalties, and enforcement costs. Specification of whether the mortgage is hipoteca cerrada (securing a specific obligation) or hipoteca abierta (securing present and future obligations up to the cuantia maxima). For housing loans under Ley 546 de 1999: compliance with maximum financing limits (70% of property value for non-VIS, 80% for VIS).

Foreclosure Terms (Condiciones de Ejecucion): Events of default triggering foreclosure rights — non-payment of principal or interest instalments, breach of insurance obligations, unauthorised sale or encumbrance of the property, deterioration of the property's value. Reference to the proceso ejecutivo con titulo hipotecario under Codigo General del Proceso Articles 467-470 as the foreclosure mechanism.

Insurance Requirements (Seguros Obligatorios): For bank mortgage loans: mandatory fire and earthquake insurance (seguro de incendio y terremoto) covering the full reconstruction value; vida grupo deudores (group life insurance for debtors) covering the outstanding loan balance — both required by Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia regulations and paid by the borrower.

Notarial and Registration Requirements: The escritura publica must be executed before a Notario Publico under Decreto Ley 960 de 1970. Registration at the ORIP under Ley 1579 de 2012 is constitutive — the mortgage produces legal effects only from the date of registration. Derechos notariales and derechos de registro are typically borne by the constituyente.

Forms-legal.com provides this Mortgage Deed Colombia template as a practical starting point for constituting hipoteca over immovable property. Both parties should consult a Colombian abogado especialista en derecho inmobiliario to verify property title, existing encumbrances, and compliance with Ley 546 de 1999 for housing-related mortgages.

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@misc{formslegal-mortgage-deed-colombia,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Mortgage Deed Colombia (Hipoteca de Inmueble) (Colombia)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/colombia/real-estate/property/mortgage-deed-colombia}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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