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Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor)

Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor)

CHEQUE — TÍTULO VALOR

Código de Comercio — Decreto 410 de 1971, Artículos 712 a 751

Banco librado: [Bank Name]

Sucursal: [Bank Branch]

Cuenta corriente No.: [Account Number]

Ciudad y fecha de giro: [Issue City], [Issue Date]

Valor: [Amount] ([Amount Words])

ORDEN DE PAGO

Páguese [Cheque Type] [Beneficiary Name], identificado/a con cédula / NIT No. [Beneficiary CC], la suma de [Amount] ([Amount Words]) MONEDA LEGAL COLOMBIANA.

Concepto: [Concept].

NOTA LEGAL

El presente cheque es un título valor pagadero a la vista conforme al Artículo 714 del Código de Comercio. Debe ser presentado para su pago dentro de los quince (15) días siguientes a la fecha de giro si es pagadero en la misma plaza, o dentro de un (1) mes si es pagadero en plaza distinta (Artículo 718 CCo). El cheque constituye título ejecutivo de conformidad con el Artículo 422 del Código General del Proceso (Ley 1564 de 2012).

ADVERTENCIA: La emisión de cheques sin provisión de fondos suficientes constituye el delito de estafa conforme al Artículo 248 del Código Penal (Ley 599 de 2000).

FIRMA DEL GIRADOR

Firma: _________________________

Nombre: [Drawer Name]

C.C. / NIT: [Drawer CC]

Dirección: [Drawer Address]

Teléfono: [Drawer Phone]

Drawer (Girador/Librador)

________________

Signature

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What Is a Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor)?

A Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor) is a título valor (negotiable instrument) containing an unconditional order by the account holder (girador or librador) directing a banking institution (banco librado) to pay a specified sum of money from the drawer's account to the bearer (portador) or a designated beneficiary (beneficiario), governed by the Código de Comercio (CCo) — Decreto 410 de 1971 — Articles 712 through 751 and the general título valor provisions of CCo Articles 619 through 668. The cheque is the only título valor in Colombian law that must be drawn on a bank — making the banking relationship a constitutive element of the instrument.

The constitutional framework for cheques in Colombia derives from Article 335 of the Constitución Política de 1991, which declares banking and financial activities to be of public interest, subject to government regulation and supervision through the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC). The Código de Comercio establishes a thorough regime for cheques that balances the interests of drawers, beneficiaries, and the banking system while maintaining the cheque's function as a payment instrument — distinct from the credit function served by pagarés and letras de cambio.

Under CCo Article 713, a cheque must contain: the unconditional order to pay a specified sum (orden incondicional de pagar una determinada suma de dinero); the name of the banco librado (drawee bank); the designation of the beneficiary or the indication that it is payable to bearer (al portador); and the signature of the girador (drawer). Article 714 establishes that a cheque is always payable a la vista (on demand) — any stipulation to the contrary is deemed not written. The cheque must be presented for payment within fifteen (15) days from the date of issuance if drawn and payable in the same city, or within one (1) month if drawn in a different city, under CCo Article 718.

The cheque qualifies as a título ejecutivo under Article 422 of the Código General del Proceso (CGP — Ley 1564 de 2012), providing the holder with access to the fast-track proceso ejecutivo. However, the holder must first present the cheque to the banco librado and obtain proof of non-payment — either through a constancia de rechazo (rejection certificate) issued by the bank under CCo Article 727, or through the sello de no pago (non-payment stamp) placed by the bank on the cheque. The constancia de rechazo serves a function analogous to the protesto (protest) required for letras de cambio.

The criminal dimension of cheques distinguishes them from other títulos valores in Colombian law. Under Código Penal (Ley 599 de 2000) Article 248, issuing a cheque without sufficient funds (emisión ilegal de cheque) or with a closed account constitutes the criminal offence of estafa (fraud), punishable by imprisonment and fines. The Fiscalía General de la Nación investigates cheque fraud cases. Under CCo Article 731, the banco librado that pays a cheque with a forged signature is liable to the drawer for the amount paid, unless the drawer's negligence contributed to the forgery.

The Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC) regulates the issuance and processing of cheques through the banking system, including electronic cheque clearing through the CEDEC (Cámara Electrónica de Compensación) operated by the Banco de la República. The SFC's Circular Básica Jurídica (CE 029/2014) establishes rules for cheque processing, return procedures, and the obligations of banks regarding customer account management. Under Circular Externa 008 de 2000, the SFC requires banks to report accounts with excessive returned cheques to the centrales de riesgo (credit reporting agencies) such as DataCrédito and TransUnion CIFIN.

When Do You Need a Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor)?

A Cheque (Título Valor) Colombia is needed whenever a payment must be made through the banking system using a formal negotiable instrument that provides the payee with executive enforcement capability under the Código General del Proceso (CGP — Ley 1564 de 2012) Article 422 and the additional deterrent of criminal liability for the drawer under Código Penal Article 248.

A cheque is required when businesses make payments to suppliers, contractors, and service providers and need a documented, traceable payment instrument that flows through the regulated banking system supervised by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC). Colombian businesses draw cheques on their cuentas corrientes (checking accounts) maintained with banks such as Bancolombia, Banco de Bogotá, Davivienda, and Banco de Occidente. The cheque provides proof of payment through the banco librado's clearing records and CEDEC (Cámara Electrónica de Compensación) processing.

The document is needed when parties require immediate payment capability — unlike a pagaré or letra de cambio which may have future maturity dates, a cheque under CCo Article 714 is always payable a la vista (on demand upon presentation). The cheque must be presented for payment within fifteen (15) days from issuance if drawn and payable in the same city, or within one (1) month if drawn in a different city, under CCo Article 718.

A cheque is needed when employers issue salary payments, bonuses, or severance payments to employees. Under the Código Sustantivo del Trabajo (CST), employers may pay wages through cheques drawn on the company's cuenta corriente, provided the employee can cash the cheque without difficulty. The Ministerio del Trabajo oversees compliance with wage payment obligations.

The document is required when a debtor needs to make a payment that carries criminal consequences for non-fulfilment. Under Código Penal Article 248, issuing a cheque without sufficient funds (fondos insuficientes) or on a closed account (cuenta cancelada) constitutes estafa (fraud), investigated by the Fiscalía General de la Nación. This criminal liability makes the cheque a stronger deterrent against non-payment than a pagaré or letra de cambio, which carry only civil consequences.

A cheque is needed when parties engage in real estate transactions and the notario público requires a certified payment instrument. Under Ley 1564 de 2012 and notarial practice, real property closings (compraventas de inmuebles) commonly use cheques de gerencia (cashier's cheques) issued by the banco librado under CCo Article 745, which guarantee payment because the bank itself assumes the obligation.

What to Include in Your Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor)

A valid Cheque (Título Valor) Colombia under Código de Comercio Articles 712 through 751 and the general título valor provisions of Articles 619 through 668 must contain the following essential elements to qualify as a título ejecutivo enforceable through the proceso ejecutivo under CGP Article 422.

Unconditional Order to Pay: The document must contain a clear, unconditional order to pay a specified sum of money (orden incondicional de pagar una determinada suma de dinero) under CCo Article 713 numeral 1. The order is directed to the banco librado (drawee bank) and instructs it to debit the drawer's cuenta corriente (checking account). Conditional orders — such as "pay only if goods are delivered" — disqualify the instrument as a cheque. The amount must be specified in both numbers and words, denominated in Colombian Pesos (COP).

Drawee Bank Designation: The name of the banco librado (drawee bank) under CCo Article 713 numeral 2. Only banking establishments (establecimientos bancarios) supervised by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC) may be designated as drawee banks. A cheque drawn on an entity that is not a bank has no effect as a cheque under CCo Article 712. The bank name, branch (sucursal), and account number must be clearly identified.

Drawer Identification and Signature: The full legal name, cédula de ciudadanía (or NIT for legal entities), and autograph signature of the girador (drawer) under CCo Article 621. The signature must match the specimen signature (tarjeta de firmas) registered with the banco librado when the cuenta corriente was opened. Where the drawer is a legal entity, the representante legal or authorised signatories must sign within the scope of authority registered with the Cámara de Comercio and the banco librado.

Beneficiary Designation: The cheque may be issued to a named beneficiary ("páguese a la orden de [nombre]"), making it transferable through endoso (endorsement) under CCo Article 651; or al portador (to bearer) under CCo Article 713, making it payable to whoever presents it. Under anti-money-laundering regulations administered by the UIAF (Unidad de Información y Análisis Financiero), cheques exceeding certain thresholds require identification of the beneficiary.

Amount: The sum to be paid (valor) in COP, specified in both numbers and words. Under CCo Article 716, if there is a discrepancy between the amount in numbers and words, the amount in words prevails. The drawer must have sufficient funds (provisión de fondos) in the cuenta corriente at the time of presentation — insufficient funds triggers potential criminal liability under Código Penal Article 248.

Date of Issuance: The date when the cheque is drawn under CCo Article 713. The date is critical for calculating the presentation period: fifteen (15) days for cheques drawn and payable in the same city, one (1) month for cheques drawn in a different city under CCo Article 718. A postdated cheque (cheque posfechado) may be presented before the stated date because a cheque is always payable on demand under CCo Article 714.

Place of Issuance: The city where the cheque is drawn. Under CCo Article 718, the place of issuance determines the applicable presentation period.

Crossing (Cruzamiento — Optional): Under CCo Articles 734 through 736, a cheque may be crossed (cruzado) by drawing two parallel lines across the face. A crossed cheque can only be paid through deposit into a bank account — not over the counter in cash. Crossing may be general (any bank may collect) or special (only the designated bank may collect). Crossing provides additional security against theft or fraud.

Forms-legal.com provides this Cheque (Título Valor) Colombia template as a practical starting point for understanding cheque requirements under Colombian commercial law. Every cheque is issued on pre-printed forms provided by the banco librado (drawee bank) — this template serves as a reference guide for the legal elements required. Cheque disputes should be reviewed by an abogado comercialista familiar with the SFC's regulatory framework and the criminal implications under Código Penal Article 248. The Juzgados Civiles have jurisdiction over proceso ejecutivo proceedings to enforce cheques under CGP Articles 422 through 467.

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@misc{formslegal-cheque-title-value-colombia,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Cheque Title Value Colombia (Cheque como Título Valor) (Colombia)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/colombia/financial/loans/cheque-title-value-colombia}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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Statute-referenced template — Template last modified June 2026

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