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Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil)

Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil)

CONTRATO DE SOCIEDAD CIVIL

Sociedad Civil — Contrato de Constitución

Regulado por el Código Civil Español, artículos 1665 a 1708

1. SOCIOS

PRIMER SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 1 Name]

DNI / NIE / NIF: [Partner 1 DNI]

Domicilio: [Partner 1 Address]

SEGUNDO SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 2 Name]

DNI / NIE / NIF: [Partner 2 DNI]

Domicilio: [Partner 2 Address]

2. CONSTITUCIÓN

Los socios constituyen una sociedad civil conforme al artículo 1665 del Código Civil Español, bajo los términos siguientes:

Denominación: [Partnership Name]

Domicilio Social: [Partnership Address]

Objeto Social: [Partnership Object]

Duración: [Partnership Duration]. [Partnership Term]

3. APORTACIONES

Cada socio aporta al fondo común conforme al artículo 1681 del Código Civil:

[Partner 1 Name]: [Partner 1 Contribution]

[Partner 2 Name]: [Partner 2 Contribution]

Cada socio queda obligado a aportar lo que ha prometido y responde de la mora en la aportación y de los vicios de los bienes aportados, conforme a los artículos 1681 a 1685 del Código Civil.

4. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE GANANCIAS Y PÉRDIDAS

Las ganancias y las pérdidas se distribuirán de la siguiente manera, conforme al artículo 1689 del Código Civil:

[Partner 1 Name]: [Partner 1 Profit Share] de las ganancias y las pérdidas

[Partner 2 Name]: [Partner 2 Profit Share] de las ganancias y las pérdidas

Las ganancias se distribuirán [Distribution Frequency]. Ningún socio podrá ser excluido de participar en las ganancias ni eximido de contribuir a las pérdidas — rige la prohibición del pacto leonino del artículo 1691 CC.

5. ADMINISTRACIÓN

La sociedad será administrada por: [Managing Partner], quien está autorizado para actuar en nombre de la sociedad, celebrar contratos y vincularla en todos los asuntos relacionados con el objeto social. Las facultades de administración se ejercen conforme a los artículos 1692 y 1695 del Código Civil.

Las decisiones extraordinarias — admisión de nuevos socios, aumento o reducción de aportaciones, modificación del objeto social, disolución — requerirán el consentimiento unánime de todos los socios.

6. REGISTRO FISCAL Y RÉGIMEN TRIBUTARIO

Los socios darán de alta la sociedad en la Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT) mediante el Modelo 036 para obtener el NIF (Número de Identificación Fiscal) de la sociedad civil antes del inicio de las actividades.

Régimen Fiscal Aplicable: [Tax Regime]. Los socios cumplirán sus respectivas obligaciones fiscales anuales — atribución de rentas mediante el Modelo 184 y declaraciones individuales del Modelo 100, o el Impuesto sobre Sociedades mediante el Modelo 200, según corresponda.

7. RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS SOCIOS Y DISOLUCIÓN

Los socios responden personalmente de su parte proporcional en las deudas sociales conforme al artículo 1698 del Código Civil, una vez agotados los bienes comunes de la sociedad. La responsabilidad es mancomunada, no solidaria.

La sociedad se disolverá por cualquiera de las causas establecidas en los artículos 1700 a 1708 del Código Civil, entre ellas: expiración del plazo pactado; cumplimiento del objeto social; pérdida del fondo común; acuerdo unánime; muerte o incapacidad de un socio (salvo que el contrato prevea la continuación con los herederos); o resolución judicial a instancia de cualquier socio con justa causa.

8. DERECHO APLICABLE

El presente contrato se rige por la legislación española, principalmente los artículos 1665 a 1708 del Código Civil Español. Los conflictos entre socios se resolverán ante el Juzgado de Primera Instancia competente por razón del domicilio social de la sociedad.

FIRMAS

Firmado en [Contract City], a [Contract Date].

PRIMER SOCIO:

[Partner 1 Name]

Firma: _________________________ Fecha: _________________________

SEGUNDO SOCIO:

[Partner 2 Name]

Firma: _________________________ Fecha: _________________________

Primer Socio

________________

Signature

Segundo Socio

________________

Signature

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What Is a Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil)?

A Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil) is a formal agreement governed by Articles 1665 to 1708 of the Código Civil Español (CC) under which two or more persons — the socios — agree to pool their assets, capital, or industry (personal services or expertise) for a common purpose with the intention of sharing the resulting profits (ganancias) and losses (pérdidas). Article 1665 CC defines the sociedad civil as a contract by which two or more persons bind themselves to put in common money, goods, or industry, with the intention of dividing gains amongst themselves. The sociedad civil is a contractual entity under Spanish civil law that differs fundamentally from mercantile companies (sociedades mercantiles) — it does not require registration in the Registro Mercantil, does not acquire full separate legal personality in all circumstances, and is governed exclusively by the Código Civil rather than the Ley de Sociedades de Capital (Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2010).

The sociedad civil occupies a unique position in the Spanish legal landscape between individual self-employment (autónomo) and the formal mercantile company forms. Article 1669 CC establishes a critical distinction: a sociedad civil is secret (oculta) when it does not make its existence known to third parties — secret societies do not acquire legal personality and the acts of partners bind them personally. A sociedad civil is public (pública or manifiesta) when it operates openly under a common name and its existence is known to third parties — public civil societies acquire legal personality under Spanish jurisprudence, enabling them to hold assets, enter contracts, and be sued under a collective name.

The Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT) treats the sociedad civil as a separate taxpayer for certain purposes. Under the Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades (LIS), as amended from 2016, sociedades civiles that have a mercantile object (objeto mercantil) are now subject to corporate tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades) rather than the income tax attribution regime (régimen de atribución de rentas) applicable to civil purpose societies. The distinction between civil and mercantile object is therefore tax-critical — a sociedad civil engaged in commerce, manufacture, or professional services directed externally may be reclassified as subject to corporate tax by the AEAT.

Partner liability (responsabilidad de los socios) in a sociedad civil is personal and unlimited under Article 1698 CC — each partner answers personally for their proportionate share of the partnership's debts, and the partnership's creditors may proceed against partners' personal assets after exhausting the common fund. This unlimited personal liability is the primary practical distinction from the sociedad limitada (S.L.) under the Ley de Sociedades de Capital, where partners' liability is limited to their capital contribution.

Contributions (aportaciones) to the sociedad civil may take three forms under Article 1681 CC: contributions of money or fungible assets (bienes fungibles), contributions of specific assets (bienes no fungibles — bienes ciertos), and contributions of industry (industria — personal services, expertise, professional knowledge). The valuation of industry contributions and the share of profits attributable to industry partners (socios industriales) versus capital partners (socios capitalistas) are key negotiation points that must be addressed in the constitutive contract. Article 1689 CC establishes the default rule that profits and losses are distributed in proportion to contributions, but the parties may freely vary this allocation.

The sociedad civil is appropriate for joint ventures between professionals (abogados, arquitectos, médicos) who wish to share resources without the formality and cost of a mercantile company, for family businesses in the agricultural or artisanal sectors, for short-term collaborative projects between autónomos, and for investment partnerships (comunidades de bienes para inversión) where participants hold assets jointly without conducting commercial activities externally.

When Do You Need a Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil)?

A Civil Partnership Contract Spain is required whenever two or more individuals wish to collaborate for a shared business or professional purpose — pooling capital, resources, or expertise — without the administrative burden of constituting a formal mercantile company registered in the Registro Mercantil.

A Contrato de Sociedad Civil is needed when professionals in non-commercial activities — architects, lawyers, consultants, or therapists — wish to share office space, administrative costs, or client referrals while maintaining their individual autónomo registration with the Agencia Tributaria, operating collectively without a formal S.L. structure.

The contract is required when two or more autónomos or small business owners agree to form a temporary collaborative venture to pursue a specific project — construction work, agricultural production, creative services — and wish to formalise the allocation of contributions, profits, and decision-making authority without the formality and fiscal cost of a sociedad limitada constitution deed (escritura de constitución).

A civil partnership agreement is needed when members of the same family wish to pool agricultural land, livestock, or rural assets for joint farming or exploitation under a single management structure — the sociedad civil agraria (civil agricultural partnership) is a traditional and common arrangement in Spain's agricultural regions, particularly in Galicia, Extremadura, and Castilla-La Mancha.

The contract is required when two investors wish to purchase and manage real estate jointly without constituting a mercantile company — a sociedad civil for joint property investment (sociedad civil de inversión inmobiliaria) governs the internal arrangements between co-owners, supplementing the mandatory co-ownership (copropiedad) provisions of the Código Civil Articles 392 to 406.

A Contrato de Sociedad Civil is also needed when partners wish to formalise their arrangement before deciding whether to convert the civil partnership into a mercantile company — many sociedad civil partnerships are subsequently converted into a sociedad limitada once the business grows, and having a formal constitutive contract establishes the historical record of contributions and profit-sharing that informs the S.L. share allocation.

The agreement is required when the partners' arrangement triggers obligations under the Ley General Tributaria (Ley 58/2003) or AEAT census registration requirements — the sociedad civil must register with the AEAT through Modelo 036 and obtain a NIF (Número de Identificación Fiscal) before commencing its activities, regardless of whether it is publicly or secretly constituted.

What to Include in Your Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil)

A valid Civil Partnership Contract Spain under Código Civil Articles 1665 to 1708 must contain the following essential elements to govern the partners' relationship effectively and comply with AEAT registration and tax attribution obligations.

Identification of Partners (Socios): Full legal name, DNI/NIE/NIF, professional status (autónomo, empresa, individual), and address of each partner. Where a partner is a legal entity, its NIF, Registro Mercantil data, and legal representative must be identified. The number of partners must be at least two — Spanish law does not permit single-member civil partnerships.

Partnership Name and Object: The common name (denominación social or nombre colectivo) under which the partnership operates, if any, and the precise description of the partnership's business object (objeto social). This is tax-critical — a civil purpose object (actividad civil) maintains the income tax attribution regime (atribución de rentas) under Ley 35/2006 del IRPF, while a mercantile object (actividad mercantil) subjects the partnership to Impuesto sobre Sociedades from 2016 under Ley 27/2014 LIS.

Partner Contributions (Aportaciones): A detailed description of each partner's contribution — monetary amount, specific assets (with valuation), or industry (personal services or expertise with an agreed capitalisation for profit allocation purposes). Under Article 1681 CC, each partner is obliged to contribute what they have promised, and delay in contribution generates interest and damages liability. The total value of the common fund (fondo común or patrimonio social) should be stated.

Profit and Loss Distribution (Reparto de Ganancias y Pérdidas): The agreed percentage of profits attributable to each partner. Article 1689 CC establishes the default proportional rule — but partners may agree different allocations reflecting the quality or strategic importance of contributions. Article 1691 CC prohibits a lion's share clause (pacto leonino) — an agreement purporting to exclude a partner entirely from profits or exempt them entirely from losses is void. The frequency of profit distributions (monthly, quarterly, annually) must be stated.

Management and Decision-Making (Administración): Whether the partnership is managed collectively by all partners (coadministración) under Article 1695 CC, or by one or more designated managing partners (administrador designado) under Article 1692 CC. Voting rules for extraordinary decisions (capital contributions, admission of new partners, dissolution) — whether by unanimous consent (unanimidad) or qualified majority (mayoría cualificada).

Duration and Dissolution: The partnership's term (duración) — whether for a fixed period, for a specific project, or indefinite (por tiempo indefinido). Grounds for dissolution under Articles 1700 to 1708 CC — expiry of term, completion of the partnership object, destruction of the common fund, death or incapacity of a partner (unless the constitutive contract provides for continuation with heirs under Article 1704 CC), mutual agreement, and court order upon application of any partner with just cause under Article 1707 CC.

Tax Registration: The contract must identify the partners' obligation to register the partnership with the AEAT via Modelo 036, obtain a NIF for the sociedad civil, and comply with annual reporting obligations under the applicable tax regime — either income tax attribution (Modelo 184) or corporate tax (Modelo 200). VAT obligations under Ley 37/1992 del IVA must also be addressed, as the sociedad civil is a taxable person for VAT purposes.

Forms-legal.com provides this Civil Partnership Contract Spain template as a practical foundation. All civil partnerships with commercial activity should be reviewed by a gestor administrativo or an abogado especialista en Derecho mercantil and a tax adviser to confirm the applicable tax regime under Ley 27/2014 LIS and Ley 35/2006 IRPF.

Under the Código Civil (CC) Articles 1665 to 1708, the sociedad civil is the foundational partnership form. The Agencia Tributaria (AEAT) administers census registration. The Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades governs corporate tax. The Ley 35/2006 del IRPF governs income tax attribution. The Tribunal Supremo has addressed sociedad civil legal personality in multiple leading judgments.

Under the Ley de Sociedades de Capital (LSC) RDL 1/2010, the Registro Mercantil maintains the register of Spanish companies. The Código de Comercio 1885 governs commercial obligations. The Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT) administers Impuesto sobre Sociedades (IS) under Ley 27/2014. The Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) enforces competition law. The Código Civil governs general contractual obligations under Article 1255.

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@misc{formslegal-civil-partnership-contract-spain,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Civil Partnership Contract Spain (Contrato de Sociedad Civil) (Spain)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/espana/business/partnerships/civil-partnership-contract-spain}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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