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Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

ACTA CONSTITUTIVA

SOCIEDAD CIVIL

Conforme al Código Civil Federal, Artículos 2688 al 2735

Ante [Notary Details], comparecen los socios fundadores que a continuación se identifican, quienes solicitan la formalización de la presente escritura constitutiva de una Sociedad Civil, de conformidad con las siguientes cláusulas:

CLÁUSULA PRIMERA — DENOMINACIÓN

La sociedad se denominará: [Company Name].

CLÁUSULA SEGUNDA — FIN COMÚN

El fin común de la sociedad — de carácter predominantemente no especulativo conforme al Artículo 2688 del Código Civil Federal — es: [Common Purpose].

CLÁUSULA TERCERA — DOMICILIO

El domicilio social de la Sociedad Civil será: [Domicilio Social]. La sociedad podrá establecer oficinas en cualquier lugar de la República Mexicana.

CLÁUSULA CUARTA — DURACIÓN

La duración de la sociedad será: [Duration].

CLÁUSULA QUINTA — SOCIOS, APORTACIONES Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE UTILIDADES

PRIMER SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 1 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Partner 1 RFC]

Aportación: [Partner 1 Contribution]

Participación en utilidades y pérdidas: [Partner 1 Profit Share]

SEGUNDO SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 2 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Partner 2 RFC]

Aportación: [Partner 2 Contribution]

Participación en utilidades y pérdidas: [Partner 2 Profit Share]

Queda expresamente prohibido todo pacto leonino que excluya a algún socio de la participación en las utilidades, conforme al Artículo 2697 del Código Civil Federal.

CLÁUSULA SEXTA — ADMINISTRACIÓN

La administración de la Sociedad Civil estará a cargo de: [Managing Partner], quien queda facultado para representar a la sociedad ante terceros, autoridades judiciales y administrativas, suscribir contratos en nombre de la sociedad, y realizar todos los actos necesarios para el cumplimiento del fin social.

CLÁUSULA SÉPTIMA — RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS SOCIOS

La responsabilidad de los socios frente a terceros será: [Liability Clause], conforme al Artículo 2704 del Código Civil Federal.

CLÁUSULA OCTAVA — DISOLUCIÓN Y LIQUIDACIÓN

La sociedad se disolverá por las causas previstas en el Artículo 2720 del Código Civil Federal, incluyendo el acuerdo unánime de los socios, la imposibilidad de realizar el fin social, y las demás causas establecidas por la ley. En caso de muerte de un socio, la sociedad continuará con los socios sobrevivientes, quienes pagarán a los herederos del socio fallecido el valor de su aportación conforme al último estado financiero aprobado. La liquidación se realizará conforme a los Artículos 2726–2735 del Código Civil Federal.

FIRMAS DE LOS SOCIOS FUNDADORES

En [Contract City], a [Contract Date].

PRIMER SOCIO: [Partner 1 Name]

Firma: _________________________

SEGUNDO SOCIO: [Partner 2 Name]

Firma: _________________________

SOCIO ADMINISTRADOR: [Managing Partner]

Firma de aceptación del cargo: _________________________

First Partner (Primer Socio)

________________

Signature

Second Partner (Segundo Socio)

________________

Signature

Managing Partner (Socio Administrador)

________________

Signature

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What Is a Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

The Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva de Sociedad Civil) is the founding document of a Sociedad Civil (SC) — Mexico's civil partnership form governed by the Código Civil Federal (CCF) Articles 2688 through 2735 rather than the commercial law framework of the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (LGSM). A Sociedad Civil is defined by Article 2688 CCF as a contract by which two or more partners (socios) reciprocally commit to combine their resources or their activities so as to achieve a common, lawful, and predominantly non-speculative (no especulativo) purpose. The 'predominantly non-speculative' requirement is the defining characteristic that distinguishes the Sociedad Civil from commercial entities under Mexican law — it is the appropriate vehicle for professional services firms, associations pursuing cultural or educational objectives, cooperative ventures with non-commercial primary purposes, and organisations that provide services for reasonable compensation rather than commercial profit maximisation.

The Sociedad Civil is registered with the Registro Público de la Propiedad (RPP) in the civil registry section — not with the Registro Público de Comercio (RPC) that governs commercial entities. This distinction reflects the fundamentally civil (non-commercial) nature of the entity. The SC obtains its RFC from the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT) as a persona moral (legal entity) and is subject to ISR under the Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta at the standard 30% corporate rate, IVA under the Ley del Impuesto al Valor Agregado, and CFDI issuance obligations under the Código Fiscal de la Federación.

The most common use of the Sociedad Civil in Mexico is for professional practices — law firms (despachos jurídicos), accounting firms (despachos contables), medical practices (consultorios médicos), architectural firms (despachos de arquitectura), and engineering consultancies frequently organise as SCs rather than SAs de CV because the SC framework better reflects the personal service nature of professional work and the partners' direct responsibility for their professional output. Under the Ley Reglamentaria del Artículo 5° Constitucional relativa al ejercicio de las profesiones en el Distrito Federal and equivalent state laws, professional practices in regulated professions (Derecho, Medicina, Arquitectura, Ingeniería) must comply with professional licensing requirements (cédulas profesionales) regardless of corporate form.

The liability framework of the Sociedad Civil under CCF Article 2704 is less protective than that of commercial entities — partners (socios) in a Sociedad Civil are jointly liable (responsabilidad mancomunada) for the SC's obligations in proportion to their contribution (aportación), unless the contract provides for joint and several liability (responsabilidad solidaria). Unlike the SA de CV where shareholders' liability is strictly limited to their subscribed capital, SC partners bear personal liability for the SC's obligations beyond their capital contributions, proportional to their stake. For professional services, this personal liability reflects the professional responsibility (responsabilidad profesional) each partner bears for their individual work product.

The Sociedad Civil differs from the Asociación Civil (A.C.) — another civil law entity governed by CCF Articles 2670–2687 — in that the SC is formed for the mutual benefit of the partners (socios), whereas the A.C. is formed for a public, cultural, scientific, or charitable purpose not primarily for the benefit of members. Professionals and commercial service providers use the SC; charitable and non-profit organisations use the A.C.

When Do You Need a Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

Articles of Incorporation for a Sociedad Civil Mexico are required whenever two or more professionals or individuals wish to establish a civil partnership for the joint provision of professional services, pursuit of a common non-commercial purpose, or collaborative activities that are predominantly non-speculative under Mexican civil law.

The Sociedad Civil acta constitutiva is needed when lawyers (abogados), accountants (contadores públicos), architects (arquitectos), engineers (ingenieros), physicians (médicos), or other regulated professionals establish a joint practice. Mexican law firms and accounting firms are almost universally organised as Sociedades Civiles — the SC form is culturally embedded in the legal and accounting professions as the appropriate structure for professional partnerships where each partner's personal reputation and professional licence (cédula profesional) are the primary assets.

The SC acta constitutiva is needed when university professors, researchers, or academics collaborate on a research or consulting project that has educational rather than purely commercial objectives. Academic consulting groups and think tanks frequently use the SC form.

The document is required when artists, designers, or cultural workers establish a collective (colectivo) or creative studio for joint production activities with a non-speculative primary purpose — sharing studio space, equipment, and administrative costs while maintaining individual creative and commercial identity.

A Sociedad Civil is also appropriate when family members pool resources for a specific objective — such as jointly developing inherited real property or managing a family investment portfolio — where the purpose is the orderly management of shared assets rather than commercial profit maximisation. The SC's civil rather than commercial character may provide certain tax planning advantages depending on the nature of the activity.

The SC is NOT appropriate when: (a) the primary purpose is commercial profit maximisation (use SA de CV or S de RL instead); (b) partners require strict limited liability protection beyond their contribution (use SA de CV); (c) the organisation is charitable or public-benefit (use Asociación Civil); (d) the activities are classified as actos de comercio under the Código de Comercio (commercial entities are required); or (e) the venture will seek institutional equity investment.

The Sociedad Civil acta constitutiva must be executed before a Notario Público or in a private document acknowledged (ratificado) before a Notario, registered with the Registro Público de la Propiedad, and followed by SAT RFC registration.

What to Include in Your Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

A valid Acta Constitutiva for a Sociedad Civil Mexico under Código Civil Federal Articles 2688–2735 must contain the following essential elements for registration with the Registro Público de la Propiedad and full legal validity:

Common Purpose (Objeto o Fin Común): A clear, lawful, and predominantly non-speculative (no especulativo) purpose — the defining requirement of CCF Article 2688. The common purpose must be specific and achievable: 'the joint provision of legal services' or 'the practice of architectural design and urban planning consultancy' are appropriate. Vague or unlimited purposes risk characterisation of the SC activities as actos de comercio under the Código de Comercio, which would require reconstitution as a commercial entity. The 'non-speculative' requirement does not prohibit charging reasonable professional fees or generating profits — it means the primary purpose is professional service rather than commercial arbitrage or trade.

Partner Identification and Contributions: Full name, RFC or CURP, and domicile of each partner (socio), and each partner's contribution (aportación) — which may be capital (dinero, bienes), labour (trabajo personal), or professional services (servicios profesionales). CCF Article 2689 requires that each partner make a contribution (aportación) of some kind — a partner who contributes only services (socio industrial) is equally a partner as one who contributes capital (socio capitalista). The valuation of service contributions and the methodology for allocating profits and losses among industrial and capitalista partners must be specified.

Capital Structure and Profit/Loss Allocation: The total social capital (capital social), each partner's contribution percentage (porcentaje de aportación), and the rules for distributing profits (utilidades) and absorbing losses (pérdidas). CCF Article 2700 allows complete flexibility — the parties may allocate profits and losses in any proportion agreed, including allocations disproportionate to capital contributions to reflect different skill levels or seniority. If no allocation is specified, profits and losses are distributed proportionally to each partner's capital contribution.

Management Structure: Whether the SC is managed by all partners jointly (administración conjunta), a designated managing partner (gerente o administrador designado), or an administrator who may or may not be a partner. CCF Article 2709 allows great flexibility — the partners may designate any management structure. For professional services firms, it is common to designate a senior partner as managing partner (socio director) with day-to-day operational authority.

Partner Liability: The liability arrangement among partners — by default under CCF Article 2704, partners bear proportional (mancomunada) personal liability for SC obligations. The acta may provide for joint and several liability (solidaria) among partners for client matters. Professional liability insurance (seguro de responsabilidad profesional) carried by the SC supplements the contractual liability provisions.

Admission of New Partners and Transfer of Interests: Rules for admitting new partners (nuevos socios) — CCF Article 2702 requires consent of all existing partners for admission of new members unless the acta provides otherwise. Transfer of a partner's interest to a third party typically requires unanimous or supermajority partner consent to preserve the personal and professional character of the partnership.

Duration and Dissolution: The SC's term (plazo) — which may be fixed (e.g., for a specific project) or indefinite. Dissolution grounds under CCF Articles 2720–2725 include: expiry of term; achievement or impossibility of the common purpose; mutual agreement; death or incapacity of a partner (if the acta does not provide for continuation); and judicial dissolution upon partner request. The liquidation (liquidación) process under Articles 2726–2735 CCF must be followed to settle outstanding obligations before the SC is terminated.

Registration: The acta constitutiva must be registered with the Registro Público de la Propiedad (civil section, not commercial section) in the jurisdiction of the SC's domicile. Forms-legal.com provides this Sociedad Civil Mexico template as a drafting reference; professional partnerships in regulated professions should engage a Licenciado en Derecho for preparation and execution before a Notario Público.

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@misc{formslegal-articles-of-incorporation-sociedad-civil-mexico,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Articles of Incorporation Sociedad Civil Mexico (Acta Constitutiva) (Mexico)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/mexico/business/corporate/articles-of-incorporation-sociedad-civil-mexico}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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