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Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

ACTA CONSTITUTIVA

SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA DE CAPITAL VARIABLE

Conforme a la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles, Artículos 87 al 206

Ante [notaryDetails], comparecen los señores que a continuación se identifican, quienes me solicitan la formalización de la presente escritura constitutiva de una Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable, al tenor de las declaraciones y cláusulas siguientes:

CLÁUSULA PRIMERA — DENOMINACIÓN SOCIAL

La sociedad se denominará: [Company Name]. La denominación podrá abreviarse como se haga constar en cada caso.

CLÁUSULA SEGUNDA — OBJETO SOCIAL

La sociedad tiene por objeto social: [Corporate Purpose].

CLÁUSULA TERCERA — DOMICILIO SOCIAL

El domicilio social de la empresa será: [Domicilio Social]. La sociedad podrá establecer agencias o sucursales en cualquier parte de la República Mexicana o en el extranjero.

CLÁUSULA CUARTA — DURACIÓN

La duración de la sociedad será: [Duration].

CLÁUSULA QUINTA — CAPITAL SOCIAL

El capital social de la sociedad es variable. El capital mínimo fijo es de [Fixed Capital]. El capital social está representado por [Total Shares]. Al momento de la constitución, queda exhibido: [Paid Capital], conforme al Artículo 89 de la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles.

CLÁUSULA SEXTA — ACCIONISTAS FUNDADORES Y SUSCRIPCIÓN DE CAPITAL

PRIMER ACCIONISTA:

Nombre: [Shareholder 1 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Shareholder 1 RFC]

Acciones suscritas: [Shareholder 1 Shares]

SEGUNDO ACCIONISTA:

Nombre: [Shareholder 2 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Shareholder 2 RFC]

Acciones suscritas: [Shareholder 2 Shares]

CLÁUSULA SÉPTIMA — ADMINISTRACIÓN

La administración de la sociedad estará a cargo de un(a): [Management Type]. Se designa como [Management Type] a: [Admin Name], quien acepta el cargo.

CLÁUSULA OCTAVA — VIGILANCIA

La vigilancia de la sociedad estará a cargo de un Comisario. Se designa como Comisario a: [Comisario Name], quien acepta el cargo, conforme al Artículo 164 de la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles.

CLÁUSULA NOVENA — INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA

[Foreign Investment Clause], de conformidad con el Artículo 27 Fracción I de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y la Ley de Inversión Extranjera.

CLÁUSULA DÉCIMA — RESERVA LEGAL Y UTILIDADES

De las utilidades netas anuales se separará el cinco por ciento (5%) para integrar la reserva legal, hasta que ésta alcance la quinta parte del capital social, conforme al Artículo 20 de la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles. El remanente se distribuirá entre los accionistas en proporción a su participación accionaria, conforme lo resuelva la Asamblea General Ordinaria de Accionistas.

FIRMAS DE LOS ACCIONISTAS FUNDADORES

En [Contract City], a [Contract Date].

PRIMER ACCIONISTA: [Shareholder 1 Name]

Firma: _________________________

SEGUNDO ACCIONISTA: [Shareholder 2 Name]

Firma: _________________________

ADMINISTRADOR DESIGNADO: [Admin Name]

Firma de aceptación: _________________________

COMISARIO DESIGNADO: [Comisario Name]

Firma de aceptación: _________________________ [Notary Details]

First Shareholder (Primer Accionista)

________________

Signature

Second Shareholder (Segundo Accionista)

________________

Signature

Administrator (Administrador)

________________

Signature

Statutory Auditor (Comisario)

________________

Signature

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What Is a Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

The Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva de Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable) is the foundational notarial deed by which a Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable (SA de CV) — Mexico's most common corporate form — is legally created. Governed by the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (LGSM) Articles 87 through 206, the acta constitutiva is executed before a Notario Público, registered with the Registro Público de Comercio (RPC), and published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF) when required. The SA de CV is Mexico's dominant vehicle for medium and large commercial enterprises, combining the limited liability protection of a corporation (sociedad anónima) with the capital flexibility of a variable capital clause (cláusula de capital variable) that allows the company to issue and cancel shares without the formality of amending the core articles.

The Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable is a persona moral (legal entity) distinct from its shareholders (accionistas) — shareholders' liability is limited to their subscribed share capital (capital suscrito) and they are not personally responsible for the company's debts or obligations beyond their investment. The SA de CV is governed by the LGSM, which was enacted by Decreto published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 4 August 1934 and has been amended multiple times, most recently to incorporate provisions for electronic governance and Sociedades por Acciones Simplificadas (SAS). The SA de CV requires a minimum of two shareholders (accionistas) and two board members (consejeros) at incorporation, though there is no statutory minimum capital requirement since reforms in 2001 eliminated the former 50,000 MXN minimum.

The Registro Público de Comercio (RPC), administered by the Secretaría de Economía (SE) through the Sistema Integral de Gestión Registral (SIGER), is the public registry where the acta constitutiva and all subsequent corporate acts are recorded. Registration confers the company's legal personality (personalidad jurídica) and makes the corporate existence, officers, and capital structure publicly accessible. Without RPC registration, the company cannot open bank accounts at Mexican financial institutions regulated by the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV), obtain an RFC from the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), or execute public sector contracts governed by the LAASSP.

The SA de CV's governance structure under LGSM Articles 141–206 includes: the Asamblea General de Accionistas (shareholders' meeting) as the supreme governing body; the Consejo de Administración (board of directors) or a sole Administrator (Administrador Único) for day-to-day management; and a Comisario (statutory auditor) or equivalent oversight function. The Asamblea General may be Ordinaria (annual, approving financial statements and electing officers under Article 181) or Extraordinaria (for fundamental changes including capital increases, mergers, and bylaw amendments under Article 182). Corporate resolutions adopted by the Asamblea must be documented in minutes (actas de asamblea) and, when they affect the articles or capital, notarised and registered with the RPC.

For foreign investment in SA de CV entities, the Ley de Inversión Extranjera (LIE) and its Reglamento permit 100% foreign ownership in most economic sectors, with restrictions in strategic sectors (hydrocarbons, electricity, telecommunications, aviation, and financial services) reserved for Mexican nationals or limited to specified foreign investment percentages. Foreign shareholders must register their investment with the Registro Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras (RNIE) within 40 business days of the investment commitment. The Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras (CNIE) reviews acquisitions exceeding specified thresholds in sensitive sectors.

When Do You Need a Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

Articles of Incorporation for an SA de CV Mexico are required whenever two or more individuals or companies wish to establish a Mexican corporation with limited liability, variable capital, and the ability to issue transferable shares — the most flexible and widely recognised corporate form for commercial operations in Mexico.

The acta constitutiva SA de CV is needed when entrepreneurs, investors, or foreign companies establish a Mexican operating subsidiary or holding company. The SA de CV is the preferred corporate vehicle for: manufacturing companies (empresas manufactureras) operating under the maquiladora programme administered by the Secretaría de Economía; financial holding companies (grupos financieros) regulated by the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV); real estate development companies; retail and distribution companies; and technology and services businesses requiring a recognised corporate structure for contracting with major Mexican enterprises and government entities.

The acta constitutiva is required when foreign companies establish a wholly-owned Mexican subsidiary under the Ley de Inversión Extranjera — the SA de CV is the most common vehicle for foreign direct investment (inversión extranjera directa) in Mexico. The RNIE registration obligation arises at the moment of incorporation, and the SAT RFC registration must follow within the first month of corporate existence.

A new SA de CV acta constitutiva is needed when an existing partnership (sociedad de personas) or individual business is converted to corporate form to achieve limited liability, attract equity investment, or meet contractual requirements imposed by major clients or lenders who require dealing with a recognised persona moral rather than a persona física.

The document is also required when investors create a joint venture company in Mexico rather than a contractual consortium — where the collaboration is intended to be ongoing, capital-intensive, or where limited liability protection at entity level is essential for each equity partner's risk management under the LGSM framework.

The acta constitutiva must precede all other corporate documents — before estatutos sociales can be operative, before the Asamblea Constitutiva can adopt initial resolutions, and before the SAT issues the company's RFC and e.firma (electronic signature). The Secretaría de Economía authorises the corporate name (denominación social) before the Notario Público proceeds — this name authorisation step through the SIGER system is the first act in every SA de CV incorporation in Mexico.

What to Include in Your Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

A valid Acta Constitutiva for a Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable Mexico under LGSM Articles 87–206 must contain the following mandatory elements to achieve registration with the Registro Público de Comercio (RPC) and full legal validity:

Corporate Name (Denominación Social): The company's name followed by the designation 'Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable' or its abbreviation 'S.A. de C.V.' — required by LGSM Article 88. The name must be unique and not identical or confusingly similar to an existing registered company — verified through the Registro Público de Comercio name search (búsqueda de denominación) and the SIGER system. The Secretaría de Economía issues an autorización de denominación that must be obtained before incorporation.

Corporate Purpose (Objeto Social): A detailed description of all commercial activities the company will conduct — the LGSM requires that the objeto social be lawful (lícito), possible, and sufficiently specific. The objeto social defines the scope of the company's legal capacity (capacidad jurídica) — acts outside the objeto social may be challenged as ultra vires. Mexican notarial practice requires detailed objeto social clauses covering primary activities (actividades principales) and auxiliary activities (actividades auxiliares o conexas).

Registered Office (Domicilio Social): The municipio or alcaldía in which the company establishes its principal domicile (domicilio principal) — not a full street address. The domicilio social determines which RPC office has jurisdiction for registration and which federal court has jurisdiction for corporate disputes.

Capital Structure: The fixed minimum capital (capital mínimo fijo) and the variable portion (parte variable) of the capital. LGSM Article 89 requires that capital be divided into nominative shares (acciones nominativas). The acta must specify: total number of shares (número de acciones); nominal value per share (valor nominal); classes of shares if any (series de acciones — e.g., Series A for Mexicans, Series B for foreigners under the Ley de Inversión Extranjera); and the proportion subscribed and paid at incorporation.

Shareholders and Initial Capital Subscriptions: Full identification of each founding shareholder (accionista fundador) — name, nationality, RFC or CURP (for individuals) or RFC and RPC registration (for entities) — and the number of shares subscribed and the capital contribution made at incorporation. LGSM Article 89 requires that at least 20% of the subscribed capital be paid at incorporation.

Corporate Governance Structure: Whether the company will be managed by an Administrador Único (sole administrator) or a Consejo de Administración (board of directors); the identity of the initial administrator(s); the Comisario (statutory auditor) or oversight mechanism; and powers of the administrative body including special powers for litigation (pleitos y cobranzas), administrative acts (actos de administración), and dispositive acts (actos de dominio sobre bienes inmuebles) following the Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación's jurisprudencia on powers of attorney.

Duration (Duración): SA de CV entities under current LGSM practice are typically incorporated with indefinite duration (duración indefinida) — the 99-year maximum from the 1934 LGSM has been replaced in practice by indefinite terms, with dissolution requiring a shareholder resolution.

Profit Distribution and Losses: Rules for distributing dividends (dividendos) from net profits (utilidades netas) after the legal reserve (reserva legal) of 5% per year until reaching 20% of paid-in capital (Article 20 LGSM) is funded. Rules for absorbing losses among shareholders proportionally to their shareholding.

Nationality Clause (Cláusula de Exclusión de Extranjeros or Calvo Clause): For companies in restricted sectors under the Ley de Inversión Extranjera, a clause restricting share ownership to Mexican nationals or limiting foreign ownership to the permitted percentage. For companies open to foreign investment, a clause under Article 27 Section I of the Constitución Política and LGSM Article 15, by which foreign shareholders waive treaty protection and submit to Mexican jurisdiction.

Forms-legal.com provides this SA de CV Articles of Incorporation Mexico template as a starting reference for entrepreneurs and foreign investors preparing for incorporation. The actual acta constitutiva must be executed before a Notario Público federally authorised in Mexico, registered with the corresponding Registro Público de Comercio, and the company must then obtain its RFC from the SAT — steps that require professional legal and notarial assistance from a licensed Licenciado en Derecho with corporate law experience.

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@misc{formslegal-articles-of-incorporation-sa-de-cv-mexico,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Articles of Incorporation SA de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva) (Mexico)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/mexico/business/corporate/articles-of-incorporation-sa-de-cv-mexico}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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