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Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

Articles of Incorporation S de RL de CV Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

ACTA CONSTITUTIVA

SOCIEDAD DE RESPONSABILIDAD LIMITADA DE CAPITAL VARIABLE

Conforme a la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles, Artículos 58 al 86

Ante [Notary Details], comparecen los socios fundadores que a continuación se identifican, quienes solicitan la formalización de la presente escritura constitutiva de una Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable, conforme a las siguientes cláusulas:

CLÁUSULA PRIMERA — DENOMINACIÓN SOCIAL

La sociedad se denominará: [Company Name].

CLÁUSULA SEGUNDA — OBJETO SOCIAL

La sociedad tiene por objeto social: [Corporate Purpose].

CLÁUSULA TERCERA — DOMICILIO SOCIAL

El domicilio social de la empresa será: [Domicilio Social]. La sociedad podrá establecer sucursales y agencias en cualquier lugar de la República Mexicana o en el extranjero.

CLÁUSULA CUARTA — DURACIÓN

La duración de la sociedad será: [Duration].

CLÁUSULA QUINTA — CAPITAL SOCIAL Y PARTES SOCIALES

El capital social de la sociedad es variable. El capital mínimo fijo es de [Fixed Capital]. El capital social está representado por [Quota Structure]. Al momento de la constitución, queda exhibido: [Paid Capital], conforme al Artículo 62 de la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles.

La cesión de partes sociales a personas ajenas a la sociedad requerirá la autorización de la Asamblea de Socios por mayoría que represente al menos el 75% del capital social, conforme al Artículo 65 LGSM. Los socios tendrán derecho del tanto (preferencia) para adquirir las partes sociales que cualquier socio desee ceder, conforme al Artículo 66 LGSM.

CLÁUSULA SEXTA — SOCIOS FUNDADORES Y SUSCRIPCIÓN DE CAPITAL

PRIMER SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 1 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Partner 1 RFC]

Partes sociales suscritas: [Partner 1 Quotas]

SEGUNDO SOCIO:

Nombre: [Partner 2 Name]

RFC / CURP: [Partner 2 RFC]

Partes sociales suscritas: [Partner 2 Quotas]

CLÁUSULA SÉPTIMA — ADMINISTRACIÓN

La administración de la sociedad estará a cargo de: [Gerente], quien acepta el cargo y queda facultado para representar a la sociedad en pleitos y cobranzas, actos de administración y actos de dominio, en términos de la legislación aplicable.

CLÁUSULA OCTAVA — INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA

[Foreign Investment Clause], de conformidad con el Artículo 27 Fracción I de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y la Ley de Inversión Extranjera.

CLÁUSULA NOVENA — RESERVA LEGAL Y UTILIDADES

De las utilidades netas anuales se separará el cinco por ciento (5%) para integrar la reserva legal, hasta que ésta alcance la quinta parte del capital social, conforme al Artículo 20 LGSM. El resto de las utilidades se distribuirá entre los socios en proporción a su participación en el capital social, conforme lo resuelva la Asamblea de Socios.

FIRMAS DE LOS SOCIOS FUNDADORES

En [Contract City], a [Contract Date].

PRIMER SOCIO: [Partner 1 Name]

Firma: _________________________

SEGUNDO SOCIO: [Partner 2 Name]

Firma: _________________________

GERENTE DESIGNADO: [Gerente]

Firma de aceptación: _________________________

First Partner (Primer Socio)

________________

Signature

Second Partner (Segundo Socio)

________________

Signature

Manager (Gerente)

________________

Signature

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What Is a Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

The Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva de Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable) is the notarial deed by which a Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable (S de RL de CV) — Mexico's quota-based limited liability company — is legally established. Governed by the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (LGSM) Articles 58 through 86, the acta constitutiva is executed before a Notario Público, registered with the Registro Público de Comercio (RPC) through the SIGER system administered by the Secretaría de Economía (SE), and published when required by law. The S de RL de CV is a persona moral (legal entity) distinct from its partners (socios), providing limited liability protection equivalent to that of an SA de CV but within a simpler governance framework preferred for closely-held businesses, family companies, professional practices, and wholly-owned subsidiaries of foreign corporations.

The Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada was introduced into Mexican commercial law by the original Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles of 1934, modelled on the German Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH) and the French Société à Responsabilité Limitée (SARL). The S de RL de CV limits each partner's liability to the value of their subscribed quota (parte social) — partners are not personally responsible for company debts beyond their investment. The LGSM imposes a statutory maximum of 50 partners (socios) for the S de RL form — Article 61 LGSM provides that if the number of partners exceeds 50, the company must transform (transformarse) into a Sociedad Anónima within the following year or dissolve. This limitation makes the S de RL unsuitable for companies with many investors or those planning equity capital markets transactions on the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV) or Bolsa Institucional de Valores (BIVA).

The capital of an S de RL de CV is divided into partes sociales (quotas or membership interests) rather than acciones (shares). Unlike shares in an SA de CV, partes sociales are not freely transferable — LGSM Article 65 requires that any transfer of partes sociales to a third party (person outside the existing partners) requires the prior authorisation of the Asamblea de Socios by a vote representing at least 75% of the total capital, unless the estatutos provide otherwise. Existing partners have a statutory right of first refusal (derecho de tanto) under Article 66 LGSM. This transfer restriction mechanism is precisely why the S de RL is preferred for family businesses and joint ventures where control over membership is essential — no unwanted third party can acquire an interest without the majority consent of the remaining partners.

The S de RL de CV does not require a Comisario (statutory auditor) unless the estatutos specifically provide for one — unlike the SA de CV where a Comisario is mandatory under LGSM Article 164. The governance is simplified: an Asamblea de Socios (partners' meeting) governed by Articles 77 through 83, and a Gerente or Consejo de Gerentes (manager or management council) rather than a Consejo de Administración. This simplification reduces annual governance costs and formalities while maintaining full limited liability protection.

For foreign investment in S de RL de CV entities, the Ley de Inversión Extranjera and RNIE registration rules apply identically to those for SA de CV companies. The S de RL is the preferred vehicle for US and Canadian companies establishing Mexican subsidiaries under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (T-MEC/USMCA), as it mirrors the US LLC and Canadian ULC structures in economic terms while providing the Mexican limited liability protection. The Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras (CNIE) reviews acquisitions of S de RL interests in sensitive sectors under the same thresholds applicable to SA de CV share acquisitions.

When Do You Need a Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)?

Articles of Incorporation for an S de RL de CV Mexico are required whenever two or more persons or entities wish to establish a Mexican limited liability company with quota-based ownership, transfer restrictions, and simpler governance than an SA de CV — particularly for closely-held businesses where control over who becomes a partner is paramount.

The S de RL acta constitutiva is needed when foreign companies establish a Mexican wholly-owned subsidiary (subsidiaria de propiedad total) under the Ley de Inversión Extranjera. The S de RL de CV is the preferred structure for US-company subsidiaries because its governance and ownership structure closely resembles the US Limited Liability Company (LLC), facilitating check-the-box tax elections under US Treasury Regulations § 301.7701-3 that allow the Mexican S de RL to be treated as a disregarded entity or partnership for US federal income tax purposes — a critical tax planning tool for US multinationals with Mexican operations.

The acta constitutiva S de RL de CV is needed when a family business (empresa familiar) formalises its structure as a legal entity to: separate business assets from personal assets; facilitate bank financing (crédito bancario) from institutions supervised by the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV); enter into contracts with large corporate clients requiring a persona moral counterpart; and prepare for eventual succession planning and transfer of the business to the next generation.

The document is required when two or more professionals (abogados, arquitectos, ingenieros, médicos) establish a professional practice entity in Mexico. While Mexican law permits professionals to organise under the Sociedad Civil regulated by the Código Civil Federal, the S de RL de CV provides the combination of limited liability and commercial contracting capacity preferred for professional practices that also engage in commercial activities.

The S de RL acta constitutiva is also needed when a joint venture partner who requires membership transfer restrictions creates a new vehicle for a specific long-term collaboration — the statutory right of first refusal and the requirement for partner majority approval of transfers provide better protection than the SA de CV's default rules for closely-held partnership structures.

A new S de RL acta constitutiva must precede all subsequent corporate acts: before a Gerente can act with corporate authority, before the SAT issues the company's RFC, and before any bank account can be opened in the company's name at institutions regulated by the CNBV.

What to Include in Your Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva)

A valid Acta Constitutiva for a Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable Mexico under LGSM Articles 58–86 must contain the following essential elements for RPC registration and full legal validity:

Corporate Name (Denominación Social): The company's name followed by 'Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable' or 'S. de R.L. de C.V.' — required by LGSM Article 59. The name must be authorised by the Secretaría de Economía through the SIGER system and must not be identical or confusingly similar to an existing registered entity. Certain words are prohibited without regulatory authorisation — 'Banco,' 'Seguro,' 'Fianza,' 'Inversiones' — to prevent false impressions of regulated financial activities.

Corporate Purpose (Objeto Social): A comprehensive description of all lawful commercial activities the S de RL will conduct. Mexican notarial practice requires inclusion of primary activities (actividades principales), auxiliary activities (actividades auxiliares), and a general enabling clause (cláusula general habilitante) permitting any activity necessary or convenient for the principal purpose.

Domicile and Duration: The municipio or alcaldía of the principal domicile (domicilio social) for RPC jurisdiction purposes. Duration is typically indefinite (duración indefinida) under current Mexican notarial practice.

Partner Identification and Quota Subscriptions: Full legal name, nationality, RFC or CURP (for individuals) or RFC and RPC registration (for legal entities) of each founding partner (socio fundador), and the value and percentage of their partes sociales (quotas) in the total social capital. LGSM Article 60 requires that the capital be divided into one or more partes sociales with a nominal value of at least one peso each.

Capital Structure: The fixed minimum capital (capital mínimo fijo) and the variable portion of the capital. LGSM Article 62 requires that 50% of each partner's subscribed quota be paid at incorporation — a more demanding requirement than the SA de CV's 20% minimum. This means the S de RL requires greater initial capital commitment from partners.

Transfer Restriction Clause: The mechanism for partner approval of quota transfers to third parties — by default, LGSM Article 65 requires 75% partner approval; the estatutos may lower this threshold but may not eliminate the right of consent entirely. The right of first refusal (derecho de tanto) under Article 66 must be preserved in the articles unless waived by all partners in the estatutos.

Management Structure: Whether the S de RL will be managed by a Gerente único (sole manager), multiple Gerentes, or a Consejo de Gerentes (management council). The acta must identify the initial Gerente(s) appointed by the founding partners, the scope of their powers including pleitos y cobranzas (litigation), actos de administración (administrative acts), and actos de dominio (disposition of real property), consistent with Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación jurisprudencia on powers of attorney.

Oversight: Whether a Comisario or audit committee will be appointed — optional for S de RL under LGSM, unlike the mandatory Comisario for SA de CV. For S de RL companies with annual revenues exceeding the SAT large taxpayer threshold (contribuyente relevante), an external auditor (Contador Público Registrado) may be required under the Código Fiscal de la Federación.

Foreign Investment and Calvo/Exclusion Clause: The applicable foreign investment clause under Article 27 Section I of the Constitución Política and the Ley de Inversión Extranjera — either a Calvo Clause for companies open to foreign partners or an Exclusión de Extranjeros clause for companies restricted to Mexican nationals.

Profit Distribution: Rules for annual profit distribution (reparto de utilidades) after funding the legal reserve under Article 20 LGSM (5% annually until reaching 20% of paid-in capital). Forms-legal.com provides this S de RL de CV Articles of Incorporation template as a drafting reference; execution must take place before a Notario Público, followed by RPC registration and SAT RFC registration.

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@misc{formslegal-articles-of-incorporation-s-de-rl-mexico,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Articles of Incorporation S de RL Mexico (Acta Constitutiva) (Mexico)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/mexico/business/corporate/articles-of-incorporation-s-de-rl-mexico}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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