Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec)
Province de Québec
Province de Québec
Conformément aux articles 1957 à 1970 du Code civil du Québec (C.c.Q.) relatifs à la reprise de logement et à l'éviction, ainsi qu'aux directives du Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL).
1. IDENTIFICATION DU LOCATEUR
Le présent avis est donné par [Nom du locateur], agissant en qualité de [Qualité du locateur], domicilié(e) ou dont le siège social est situé au [Adresse du locateur], joignable au [Téléphone du locateur], courriel : [Courriel du locateur], ci-après désigné(e) le « locateur ».
2. IDENTIFICATION DU LOCATAIRE
Le présent avis est adressé à [Nom du locataire] [Nom du colocataire], locataire(s) du logement décrit ci-après, ci-après désigné(e)(s) le « locataire ».
3. IDENTIFICATION DU LOGEMENT
Le logement visé par le présent avis est situé au [Adresse du logement].
Description : [Description du logement]
Loyer mensuel actuel : [Loyer mensuel actuel]
4. BAIL EN VIGUEUR
Le bail en vigueur a débuté le [Date de début du bail] et prend fin le [Date de fin du bail].
Type de bail : [Type de bail]
Le présent avis est donné conformément aux délais minimaux prévus à l'article 1960 du Code civil du Québec. Le locateur confirme que le préavis accordé est de [Délai de préavis], tel que requis par la loi pour ce type de bail.
5. MOTIF DE L'ÉVICTION OU DE LA REPRISE
Conformément à l'article 1957 ou 1959 du Code civil du Québec, le locateur entend reprendre le logement ou évincer le locataire pour le motif suivant :
Motif : [Motif de l'éviction/reprise]
Description : [Description du motif]
Bénéficiaire de la reprise (le cas échéant) : [Nom du bénéficiaire] ([Lien avec le locateur])
Le locateur déclare que le présent avis est fondé sur un motif sérieux et légitime reconnu par le Code civil du Québec et les lois québécoises en matière de logement.
6. DATE DE PRISE D'EFFET
Le locateur avise le locataire que la reprise du logement ou l'éviction prendra effet le [Date de prise d'effet].
Le présent avis a été préparé le [Date de l'avis]. La date de prise d'effet respecte le délai de préavis obligatoire de [Délai de préavis] prévu à l'article 1960 C.c.Q.
Le locataire doit avoir quitté les lieux au plus tard à la date indiquée ci-dessus, soit le [Date de prise d'effet], à moins qu'il n'ait exercé ses droits de contestation auprès du Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL).
7. DROITS DU LOCATAIRE
Le locataire est informé de ses droits prévus par le Code civil du Québec et la loi :
DROIT DE CONTESTER : Le locataire dispose d'un délai d'un mois à compter de la réception du présent avis pour s'adresser au Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) s'il désire s'opposer à la reprise ou à l'éviction (art. 1963 C.c.Q.).
PROTECTION DES LOCATAIRES ÂGÉS : Depuis l'adoption du Projet de loi 31 (en vigueur depuis le 21 février 2024), un locateur ne peut évincer ou reprendre un logement si le locataire ou son conjoint est âgé de 70 ans ou plus, occupe le logement depuis au moins 10 ans, et dont le revenu est égal ou inférieur au seuil d'admissibilité à un logement à loyer modique, sauf exceptions prévues par la loi (art. 1959.1 C.c.Q.).
MORATOIRE SUR CERTAINES ÉVICTIONS : La Loi limitant le droit d'éviction des locateurs et renforçant la protection des locataires aînés (2024) interdit, pour une période de trois ans, l'éviction d'un locataire à des fins de subdivision, d'agrandissement ou de changement d'affectation d'un logement.
MAUVAISE FOI : Si le locateur reprend le logement sans respecter les conditions prévues par la loi, ou s'il ne l'occupe pas à la fin du délai prévu, il peut être condamné à des dommages-intérêts punitifs par le TAL (art. 1968 C.c.Q.).
Si le locataire ne s'adresse pas au Tribunal administratif du logement dans le délai d'un mois prévu par la loi, il est réputé avoir consenti à quitter le logement à la date indiquée dans le présent avis.
8. BONNE FOI
Conformément à l'article 1375 du Code civil du Québec, le locateur s'engage à agir de bonne foi dans la transmission du présent avis et déclare que le motif invoqué est réel, sérieux et légalement fondé. Le locateur reconnaît que toute reprise ou éviction effectuée de mauvaise foi constitue un abus de droit pouvant engager sa responsabilité civile et pénale.
9. LOI APPLICABLE
Le présent avis est régi par les lois de la Province de Québec, notamment le Code civil du Québec (art. 1957 à 1970 sur la reprise de logement et l'éviction ; art. 1960 sur les délais de préavis obligatoires ; art. 1968 sur les recours pour mauvaise foi), la Loi limitant le droit d'éviction des locateurs et renforçant la protection des locataires aînés (2024), et la Loi sur le Tribunal administratif du logement. Le Tribunal administratif du logement est compétent pour entendre tout litige découlant du présent avis.
10. MODE DE REMISE
Le présent avis doit être remis au locataire par le mode suivant : [Mode de remise]. Ce mode de remise est choisi afin de constituer une preuve de réception, conformément aux exigences légales applicables en matière d'avis locatif au Québec.
11. SIGNATURE
Fait à [Lieu de signature], le [Date de signature].
EN FOI DE QUOI, le locateur a signé le présent avis d'éviction (reprise de logement) à la date indiquée ci-dessus, confirmant l'exactitude de toutes les informations contenues dans le présent document.
Locateur
[Nom du locateur]
Signature
Date: ________________
What Is a Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec)?
A Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec) in Quebec a Quebec eviction and repossession notice (avis d'éviction ou de reprise de logement) is a formal legal document that a landlord (locateur) must send to a tenant (locataire) to inform them that they must vacate a residential dwelling. In Quebec, the rules governing eviction and repossession are among the most tenant-protective in North America, codified in articles 1957 to 1970 of the Civil Code of Quebec (C.c.Q.). These provisions establish strict requirements regarding the grounds that can justify ending a tenancy, the notice periods that must be respected, the indemnities owing to displaced tenants, and the rights of tenants to contest the notice before the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL).
Quebec distinguishes clearly between two types of notices. The first is a repossession notice (avis de reprise de logement), governed by article 1957 C.c.Q., which allows a landlord who is the owner of the building to recover possession of a dwelling in order to occupy it personally, or to house a close family member or dependant. The second is an eviction notice (avis d'éviction), governed by article 1959 C.c.Q., which allows a landlord to terminate a tenancy when the landlord intends to subdivide the dwelling, substantially enlarge it, change its use, or demolish it.
A critical development in 2024 significantly changed the legal landscape. The Act to limit the right of lessors to evict and to strengthen the protection of elderly tenants (Bill 31), which came into force on February 21, 2024, introduced a three-year moratorium on evictions for subdivision, substantial enlargement, and change of use. It also established new protections for tenants who are 70 years of age or older, have occupied their dwelling for at least 10 years, and whose income falls below the threshold for eligibility for low-rental housing (HLM). These protections mean that landlords must carefully assess their legal situation before issuing any eviction or repossession notice in Quebec, as the consequences of acting in bad faith can include significant punitive damages.
When Do You Need a Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec)?
A Quebec eviction or repossession notice is needed in several specific circumstances defined by the Civil Code of Quebec. The most common scenario requiring this document is when a landlord wishes to repossess their property for personal use or to house a family member. Under article 1957 C.c.Q., a landlord who is the owner of a residential building may decide to occupy one of its units themselves, or to house a parent, child, grandparent, grandchild, sibling, or a person who is their main charge as their principal residence. In these cases, a formal repossession notice is legally required, and the notice must be sent at least 6 months before the end of the lease for leases of 12 months or more, giving the tenant time to find alternative housing.
Another scenario requiring this document is when a landlord intends to substantially transform a residential property — whether through subdivision of the dwelling into smaller units, major enlargement that requires the dwelling to be vacated, a change of use from residential to commercial or other purposes, or outright demolition of the building. Note that since Bill 31 (2024), subdivision, enlargement, and change-of-use evictions have been subject to a three-year moratorium, making demolition-based evictions currently the only generally available ground for eviction under article 1959 C.c.Q.
The notice is also needed when a landlord decides not to renew a fixed-term lease and wishes to use the dwelling for one of the permitted purposes. In this case, the notice must be sent within the applicable delay period before the lease expires. Finally, for month-to-month (indeterminate) tenancies, the notice must be sent at least 6 months before the intended repossession date, as there is no fixed end date that automatically triggers the right to repossess. Landlords should also carefully verify whether the tenant in question qualifies for elderly tenant protection under the 2024 amendments before issuing any notice, as serving a notice to a protected tenant may be legally ineffective and could expose the landlord to liability.
What to Include in Your Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec)
A legally valid Quebec eviction or repossession notice must contain several essential elements to comply with the requirements of the Civil Code of Quebec and withstand scrutiny by the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL). Missing or inaccurate information can render the notice legally ineffective, and the landlord may have to start the process over with a new notice, potentially losing months of delay.
The first essential element is precise identification of both parties — the landlord and the tenant. The notice must clearly identify who is issuing the notice (the landlord, who must be the owner for repossession purposes) and who is receiving it (the tenant or all co-tenants named in the lease).
The second element is a complete and accurate description of the dwelling, including its full address and unit number. Any ambiguity about which dwelling is subject to the notice can be used by the tenant to challenge its validity.
The third element is the legal ground for the notice. The notice must clearly state the specific legal basis — repossession for personal use, repossession for a family member, eviction for subdivision, eviction for demolition, etc. — with sufficient factual details to establish that the ground is real and legitimate. For repossession for a family member, the name, relationship, and circumstances of the beneficiary must be clearly stated.
The fourth element is the required notice period. The notice must be served within the mandatory delays specified by article 1960 C.c.Q.: at least 6 months before the end of a lease of 12 months or more, 1 month for leases under 12 months, and 6 months before the intended date for month-to-month tenancies.
The fifth element is the indemnity information. For evictions under article 1959 C.c.Q., the notice must address the tenant's right to an indemnity of at least three months rent plus moving expenses. For repossession, no statutory indemnity is required, but any voluntary indemnity being offered should be clearly described.
Finally, the notice must inform the tenant of their right to contest the notice before the TAL within one month of receipt, and must be signed by the landlord and delivered by a method that creates proof of receipt, such as registered mail, bailiff service, or personal delivery with a written acknowledgement.
Additional compliance elements for a Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec) used in Quebec include: Data Protection — applicable privacy legislation requires a lawful basis for processing personal data; Governing Law — specify Quebec law and jurisdiction; Dispute Resolution — parties may refer disputes to the appropriate tribunal or court.
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Reference this free template in an article, syllabus, or research note:
Forms Legal. (2026). Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec) (Quebec) [Legal document template]. Forms Legal. https://forms-legal.com/quebec/real-estate/notices/eviction-notice-quebec
"Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec) (Quebec)." Forms Legal, 2026, https://forms-legal.com/quebec/real-estate/notices/eviction-notice-quebec.
@misc{formslegal-eviction-notice-quebec,
author = {{Forms Legal}},
title = {Eviction Notice / Repossession Notice (Quebec) (Quebec)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/quebec/real-estate/notices/eviction-notice-quebec}},
note = {Free legal document template. Based on Civil Code of Québec (CCQ), Book Four: Property}
}Frequently Asked Questions
In Quebec housing law, repossession (reprise de logement) and eviction (éviction) are two distinct legal mechanisms governed by different provisions of the Civil Code of Quebec. Repossession (art. 1957 C.c.Q.) occurs when the landlord, who must be the owner of the building, wishes to occupy the dwelling themselves or to house a close relative (parent, child, grandparent, grandchild, sibling, or a person who is their main charge, or their former spouse) as their main residence. No statutory indemnity is required for repossession, though the landlord must give adequate notice and act in good faith. Eviction (art. 1959 C.c.Q.) occurs when the landlord wishes to subdivide the dwelling, substantially enlarge it, or change its use entirely, or to demolish it. For eviction, the tenant is entitled by law to an indemnity of at least three months rent plus moving expenses. Note that since Bill 31 (2024), evictions for subdivision, enlargement, or change of use have been subject to a three-year moratorium, significantly restricting landlords ability to use these grounds.
Under article 1960 of the Civil Code of Quebec, the notice period depends on the type of lease. For a fixed-term lease of 12 months or more, the landlord must give notice at least 6 months before the end of the lease. For a fixed-term lease of less than 12 months, the notice period is 1 month before the end of the lease. For an indeterminate (month-to-month) lease, the notice must be given at least 6 months before the intended repossession date. These are mandatory minimum delays that cannot be reduced by agreement. The notice must be delivered by a method that creates proof of receipt, such as registered mail with acknowledgement, delivery by bailiff, or personal delivery with a written acknowledgement from the tenant.
Since the adoption of Bill 31 (in force as of February 21, 2024), Quebec law provides significant protection for elderly tenants. A landlord cannot repossess a dwelling or evict a tenant when all three of the following conditions are met: the tenant or their spouse is 70 years of age or older; the tenant has been occupying the dwelling for at least 10 consecutive years; and the tenant's income is equal to or less than the maximum income allowing eligibility for a low-rental (HLM) dwelling under the relevant regulation. Exceptions exist in limited circumstances, such as when the landlord themselves is 70 years or older and wishes to repossess for their own use, or when the beneficiary of the repossession is also 70 years or older. Landlords who attempt to evict a protected elderly tenant may face significant civil liability, including punitive damages.
Under article 1963 of the Civil Code of Quebec, a tenant who wishes to contest a repossession or eviction notice has one month from the date of receipt of the notice to apply to the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) to oppose the repossession or eviction. If the tenant does not apply to the TAL within this one-month period, they are deemed to have consented to leaving the dwelling on the date specified in the notice. If the TAL finds that the repossession or eviction was conducted in bad faith, the landlord may be ordered to pay compensation and punitive damages under article 1968 C.c.Q. Additionally, if the landlord does not effectively occupy the dwelling within 3 months of the tenant's departure, the tenant has a right to reclaim the dwelling or to claim significant damages from the landlord.
Article 1957 of the Civil Code of Quebec limits the grounds for repossession to specific situations. First, the landlord may repossess the dwelling to use it themselves as their main residence. Second, the landlord may repossess to house a direct family member: a parent, grandparent, child, grandchild, or brother or sister of the landlord. Third, the landlord may repossess to house a person who is their main charge (a dependant). Fourth, the landlord may repossess to house a former spouse of the landlord if the landlord remains their main support after separation from bed and board, divorce, or dissolution of civil union. The landlord must be the owner of the dwelling (not just a lessee). Critically, the grounds must be real and the landlord must actually occupy the dwelling for the purpose stated; otherwise the repossession may be found to be in bad faith, exposing the landlord to punitive damages.
This template is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. Consult a qualified attorney for advice specific to your situation.Full disclaimer
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