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Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo)

Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo — Colombia

Código General del Proceso (CGP) Ley 1564/2012 — Arts. 590–600

[Tipo de Juzgado]

[Ciudad Juzgado]

SOLICITUD DE EMBARGO PREVENTIVO

Medida Cautelar Previa — Código General del Proceso, Arts. 590 y 598 (Ley 1564 de 2012)

[Ciudad Juzgado], [Fecha Solicitud]

I. PARTES

SOLICITANTE (futuro demandante): [Solicitante], identificado(a) con [NIT/CC Solicitante], domiciliado(a) en [Dirección Solicitante], actuando mediante apoderado [Abogado].

FUTURO DEMANDADO: [Futuro Demandado], identificado(a) con [NIT/CC Demandado], domiciliado(a) en [Domicilio Demandado].

II. CRÉDITO OBJETO DE PROTECCIÓN CAUTELAR

El solicitante es titular de un crédito en contra del futuro demandado derivado de: [Fuente de la Obligación].

[Descripción del Crédito]

Monto del crédito a garantizar: [Monto del Crédito].

El crédito descrito cumple el requisito de la apariencia de buen derecho (fumus boni iuris) exigido por el Artículo 590 del CGP para el decreto de medidas cautelares.

III. BIENES SOBRE LOS QUE SE SOLICITA EL EMBARGO

Tipo de bien: [Tipo de Bien].

Identificación específica: [Identificación de Bienes]

El embargo solicitado cubre únicamente los bienes identificados hasta la concurrencia del crédito más las costas procesales estimadas, conforme al principio de proporcionalidad del Artículo 590 del CGP.

IV. PELIGRO EN LA DEMORA (PERICULUM IN MORA)

El solicitante acredita sumariamente el riesgo de que sin la medida cautelar la sentencia resulte ilusoria, pues existen indicios fundados de que el futuro demandado está realizando actos que hacen temer el incumplimiento futuro de la obligación o la insolvencia inminente, conforme al Artículo 598 del CGP. [El abogado debe detallar los actos concretos que evidencian el riesgo: enajenaciones recientes, ausencia del país, deterioro de activos, procesos ejecutivos de otros acreedores, etc.]

V. CAUCIÓN OFRECIDA (ART. 590 CGP)

El solicitante ofrece constituir caución mediante: [Tipo de Caución], por el monto que el Honorable Despacho fije, para responder por los perjuicios que el embargo pueda causar al futuro demandado si la demanda principal no prospera.

VI. PETICIÓN

Con fundamento en los Artículos 590 y 598 del Código General del Proceso (Ley 1564 de 2012), respetuosamente se solicita al Honorable Despacho:

1. DECRETAR el embargo preventivo de [Tipo de Bien] identificado(s) en el numeral III de esta solicitud.

2. FIJAR el monto de la caución que debe constituir el solicitante.

3. LIBRAR los oficios de comunicación del embargo a la Oficina de Registro de Instrumentos Públicos / RUNT / entidad financiera correspondiente, conforme al Artículo 600 del CGP.

El solicitante se compromete a presentar la demanda principal dentro de los treinta (30) días hábiles siguientes al decreto del embargo, conforme al Artículo 598 del CGP.

Del Honorable Despacho, Atentamente,

Apoderado Judicial

[Abogado]

Signature

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What Is a Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo)?

The Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo) is the formal legal document by which a prospective plaintiff requests a competent civil judge to order, before or simultaneously with filing the main lawsuit, the judicial freezing of specified assets belonging to the debtor or future defendant, with the purpose of guaranteeing the effectiveness of any eventual condemnatory judgment. The preventive embargo is the primary real cautionary measure in Colombian civil proceedings, preventing the debtor from alienating, encumbering, or dissipating assets subject to eventual execution.

The cautionary measures regime in Colombian civil process is governed by Articles 590 through 600 of the Código General del Proceso (CGP — Ley 1564 de 2012), which replaced the prior regime of the Código de Procedimiento Civil (Decreto 1400 de 1970). Article 590 of the CGP establishes that in declarative and executive processes, the plaintiff may request attachment and seizure of the defendant's assets from the time of filing the complaint or earlier as a prior cautionary measure, upon posting sufficient bond to answer for damages that may be caused to the defendant if the measure proves unwarranted.

Article 598 of the CGP permits preventive attachment before filing the main complaint when the applicant summarily demonstrates the existence of a certain credit — even if not yet due or enforceable — and that the future defendant is dissipating assets, leaving the country, or taking actions that give reasonable grounds to fear non-performance of the future obligation. This modality of preventive attachment prior to the complaint is especially useful when there is imminent risk of the debtor's insolvency.

The Corte Constitucional, in multiple tutela rulings against judicial decisions, has established that the civil judge must carefully weigh the appearance of good right (fumus boni iuris) and the danger in delay (periculum in mora) before issuing a preventive attachment order, since this measure limits the defendant's right to private property under Article 58 of the Constitución Política and can cause serious harm if unwarranted. The bond required by Article 590 of the CGP guarantees that the applicant will answer for damages to the defendant if the main claim fails.

The Consejo Superior de la Judicatura, through the Justicia XXI judicial management system, has digitized the filing of many court documents, but the preventive attachment application remains a formal judicial document requiring the signature of a licensed attorney with a valid professional card under Article 74 of the CGP.

When Do You Need a Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo)?

The Preventive Attachment Application Colombia is necessary in the following contexts under Colombian civil procedure law.

Risk of debtor insolvency: When the creditor has concrete evidence that the debtor is selling assets, transferring them to third parties, encumbering them to artificially reduce net worth, or leaving the country, the preventive attachment ensures assets will be available for executing a judgment. Urgency is the central element — if the creditor can wait, the attachment within the main complaint process is sufficient.

Protection of credit in corporate liquidation: When a creditor learns that the debtor has voluntarily initiated insolvency proceedings before the Superintendencia de Sociedades under Ley 1116 de 2006, preventive attachment of specific assets that could leave the debtor's estate before the formal opening of insolvency proceedings may be sought.

Collection of contractual obligations approaching maturity: If the debtor is deteriorating its payment capacity before the maturity of a significant obligation, the creditor can request preventive attachment prior to the complaint under Article 598 of the CGP, summarily demonstrating the credit and the risk.

Protection in corporate disputes: Partners of a company in conflict can request preventive attachment of corporate assets or disputed shares when there is risk that managers may improperly dispose of them during litigation.

Recovery of assets in tort liability proceedings: In traffic accidents, environmental damages, or fault-based civil liability, the victim can request preventive attachment of the responsible party's vehicles or real property while processing the liability claim before the Juzgado Civil del Circuito.

What to Include in Your Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo)

The Preventive Attachment Application Colombia addressed to the competent civil judge must contain the following formal and substantive elements.

Competent judge: The document must be addressed to the Juez Civil Municipal or Juez Civil del Circuito with jurisdiction under Articles 17 and 20 of the CGP: the Juez Civil Municipal hears declarative and executive proceedings up to 40 monthly minimum legal wages; the Juez Civil del Circuito hears higher-value proceedings and proceedings involving real estate attachment. The prior-to-complaint attachment application is filed before the judge who will have jurisdiction over the main proceeding.

Applicant identification: Full name, national ID (cédula or NIT), notification address, telephone and email of the future plaintiff, and the name of the attorney of record with their professional card number. All judicial proceedings in Colombia require a licensed attorney under Article 74 of the CGP.

Identification of future defendant: Full name or legal name, national ID or NIT, and last known domicile of the debtor or future defendant.

Credit subject to protection: Description of the credit to be guaranteed — source of the obligation (contract, tort, negotiable instrument), principal amount, accrued or future interest, and if not yet due, the maturity date and reasons to fear non-performance. When the credit is documented in an instrument with executive merit (promissory note, accepted invoice under Article 422 of the CGP), it is attached as summary evidence of the credit.

Assets to be attached: Precise identification of assets sought for attachment — for real property, matricula inmobiliaria number, address, and municipality; for vehicles, license plate, model, and RUNT registration; for bank accounts, the financial institution and account number if known; for corporate shares, the company name and NIT. Precise identification expedites the judge's communication of the attachment order to registries and relevant entities.

Bond (caución): Article 590 of the CGP requires the applicant to offer a bond to answer for damages the attachment may cause the defendant if the main claim does not succeed. The bond may be in cash (deposit in the court's account at Banco Agrario), insurance policy from an insurer authorized by the SFC, or bank guarantee. The judge sets the amount.

Commitment to file the main complaint: In the prior-to-complaint attachment under Article 598 of the CGP, the applicant must commit to filing the main complaint within thirty (30) business days of the decree of the attachment, under penalty of having the cautionary measure lifted.

forms-legal.com provides this updated model aligned to the current CGP, with the formats required by civil courts in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and other cities for 2025.

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Forms Legal. (2026). Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo) (Colombia) [Legal document template]. Forms Legal. https://forms-legal.com/colombia/government/court-forms/preventive-attachment-application-colombia

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@misc{formslegal-preventive-attachment-application-colombia,
  author       = {{Forms Legal}},
  title        = {Preventive Attachment Application Colombia (Solicitud de Embargo Preventivo) (Colombia)},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://forms-legal.com/colombia/government/court-forms/preventive-attachment-application-colombia}},
  note         = {Free legal document template}
}

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