An Estate Planning Checklist is a comprehensive organizational document that helps individuals inventory their assets, identify key legal documents, designate beneficiaries, and outline their wishes for asset distribution, healthcare decisions, and guardianship of minor children. While not a legally binding document itself, it serves as the critical foundation for creating enforceable estate planning instruments such as wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and advance directives.

Estate planning is governed by a complex web of federal and state laws. At the federal level, the Internal Revenue Code (IRC Sections 2001-2801) imposes estate taxes on transfers at death exceeding the applicable exclusion amount (currently $13.61 million per individual under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, scheduled to sunset in 2026). State estate tax thresholds vary significantly, with states like Oregon taxing estates exceeding $1 million and others like Florida imposing no state estate tax at all. The Uniform Probate Code, adopted in whole or part by approximately 18 states, provides a default framework for intestate succession when no valid will exists.

Without proper estate planning, assets pass through intestacy statutes that may not align with the decedent's wishes. Probate proceedings can consume 3-8% of an estate's value in court costs and attorney fees, and the process typically takes 6 to 18 months. A thorough checklist ensures that no critical element is overlooked, from digital asset access to beneficiary designation updates on retirement accounts governed by ERISA.

An Estate Planning Checklist should be created or updated during several key life events. Major milestones include marriage or divorce (which can automatically revoke existing beneficiary designations in many states under the Uniform Probate Code Section 2-804), the birth or adoption of a child requiring guardianship designations, the acquisition of significant assets such as real property or business interests, and retirement when pension and IRA distribution strategies become critical.

Additional scenarios requiring an estate planning review include: a change in state residence (since estate tax thresholds, community property rules, and probate procedures vary dramatically between states), the diagnosis of a serious illness necessitating healthcare directives and powers of attorney, receiving an inheritance that may push your estate above federal or state tax exemption thresholds, starting or selling a business where succession planning affects both personal and entity-level tax obligations, and reaching age milestones when Required Minimum Distributions from qualified retirement accounts begin under IRC Section 401(a)(9).

Failing to maintain an updated estate plan creates tangible legal risks. Outdated beneficiary designations on life insurance policies and retirement accounts override will provisions under federal law (ERISA preemption), potentially directing assets to ex-spouses or deceased individuals. Without a durable power of attorney, family members may need to pursue costly and time-consuming guardianship or conservatorship proceedings through probate court to manage a loved one's finances during incapacity.

A thorough Estate Planning Checklist must address several interconnected categories. First, a complete asset inventory covering real property (with current market values and outstanding mortgages), financial accounts (bank, brokerage, retirement), life insurance policies (noting ownership, insured, and beneficiary), business interests, and digital assets ensures nothing is overlooked during estate administration.

Second, the checklist must document existing legal instruments and their current status: last will and testament (noting execution date and location of the original), revocable or irrevocable trusts, financial power of attorney (durable vs. springing), healthcare power of attorney, living will or advance directive, and any pre-nuptial or post-nuptial agreements. Third, beneficiary designations on retirement accounts (IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s), life insurance policies, and transfer-on-death (TOD) or payable-on-death (POD) accounts must be reviewed for consistency with overall estate planning goals.

Fourth, guardian nominations for minor children should identify primary and successor guardians, as courts give significant weight to parental preferences under the Uniform Guardianship Act. Fifth, the checklist should address tax planning considerations, including the current estate tax exemption amount, portability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion (DSUE) under IRC Section 2010(c), and the potential need for irrevocable life insurance trusts (ILITs) to exclude policy proceeds from the taxable estate. Sixth, a list of key contacts including the estate attorney, CPA, financial advisor, insurance agent, and named fiduciaries ensures executors can efficiently locate professional guidance. Finally, funeral and burial preferences, organ donation wishes, and the location of critical documents (safe deposit box, home safe, attorney's office) should be clearly documented.