Certificat de travail (Québec)

A Quebec Work Certificate (Certificat de travail) is a formal legal document that an employer is required to provide to an employee upon the termination of employment, in accordance with article 84 of the Loi sur les normes du travail (LNT, RLRQ c. N-1.1). This statutory obligation is one of the fundamental rights of Quebec employees and is administered by the Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST). The work certificate must contain the nature and duration of the employment, the start and end dates, and the name and address of the employer. Under the Civil Code of Quebec (C.c.Q.), the employment relationship is defined by articles 2085 to 2097, where article 2085 establishes the employment contract as one by which a person undertakes, for a limited period, to perform work for remuneration under the direction or control of another person. The certificat de travail serves as an official record of the employment history and is commonly required by future employers, government agencies, professional licensing bodies, and financial institutions. Unlike an attestation d'emploi, which is a more general employment confirmation that can be issued at any time, the certificat de travail has a specific statutory basis and is triggered by the end of the employment relationship. This document is essential for employees transitioning between positions and serves as authoritative proof of their professional experience and employment history in Quebec.

A Quebec work certificate is needed whenever an employee's employment relationship has ended and the employee requires formal documentation of their employment history. Under article 84 of the LNT, the employee has the right to request this certificate upon termination, regardless of whether the termination was voluntary (resignation, retirement) or involuntary (dismissal, layoff, end of contract). The most common situations requiring a certificat de travail include job searching, where prospective employers often require proof of previous employment and the nature of work performed. Government agencies may request the certificate for employment insurance (assurance-emploi) claims, social assistance applications, or immigration proceedings. Professional licensing bodies in regulated industries may require the certificate to verify work experience. Financial institutions may require it for mortgage applications or loan assessments. The document is also valuable for tax purposes, legal proceedings related to wrongful dismissal claims, and for maintaining a complete record of professional career history. Employees should request the certificate as soon as possible after the end of employment, as article 84 LNT requires the employer to provide it upon request.

The key elements of a Quebec work certificate include several mandatory and optional components. As required by article 84 of the LNT, the certificate must contain the employer's complete identification including company name, address, and NEQ (Quebec Enterprise Number), along with the name and title of the authorized representative. The employee must be fully identified with their name and address. The position held and the nature of the work performed must be described in detail, as this information is critical for future employers and licensing bodies. The employment period must specify exact start and end dates. The reason for end of employment must be stated accurately and in a non-defamatory manner. An optional performance evaluation section may be included at the request of either party. A declaration of truthfulness by the employer is essential, acknowledging civil liability under article 1457 C.c.Q. for any false statements. The bonne foi (good faith) clause pursuant to article 1375 C.c.Q. ensures the certificate is issued honestly and in the spirit of fair dealing. The governing law section references the applicable provisions of the LNT and C.c.Q. and confirms Quebec jurisdiction for any disputes.