Déclaration d'immatriculation (Québec)

A Quebec business registration declaration (déclaration d'immatriculation) is a mandatory legal document filed with the Registraire des entreprises du Québec to officially register a business entity in the province. Governed by the Loi sur la publicité légale des entreprises (LPLE, RLRQ, c. P-44.1), this declaration creates a public record of the enterprise's existence, legal form, and essential identifying information. The registration system in Quebec serves the fundamental purpose of transparency in commercial dealings by making basic information about businesses accessible to the public, creditors, government agencies, and potential business partners. Upon filing the declaration, the enterprise receives a NEQ (Numéro d'entreprise du Québec), a unique 10-digit identification number that serves as the enterprise's official identifier in all interactions with Quebec government agencies. The registration declaration requires disclosure of critical information including the business name, legal form (whether sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, corporation, or cooperative), principal place of business, sector of activity, and details of the principal shareholders or partners. Under article 21 of the LPLE, any natural person operating an enterprise in Quebec under a name that does not include their surname and given name is obligated to register. Similarly, article 22 requires all partnerships to register. The registration is not merely a formality but has significant legal consequences, as unregistered enterprises may face penalties and restrictions on their ability to conduct business and access the courts.

A Quebec business registration declaration is required in numerous situations when starting or formalizing a business in the province. Entrepreneurs launching a new business under a trade name different from their personal name must register under article 21 of the LPLE before beginning commercial operations. Individuals forming a general partnership (société en nom collectif) or limited partnership (société en commandite) must file the declaration to establish the legal existence of the partnership. Corporations constituted under Quebec law or extra-provincial corporations commencing activities in Quebec must register to comply with provincial requirements. Professionals such as consultants, freelancers, and contractors who operate under a business name rather than their personal name are required to register. Existing businesses undergoing significant changes, such as a change in legal form, change of business name, or addition of new partners, may need to file an updated or new registration declaration. Businesses that have been struck off the register and wish to restore their registration must file a new declaration. Additionally, individuals purchasing an existing business may need to file a new registration declaration under the new ownership structure. The registration is also a prerequisite for opening commercial bank accounts, obtaining municipal permits, and applying for government programs and financing.

The key elements of a Quebec business registration declaration include several essential components mandated by the Loi sur la publicité légale des entreprises. First, complete identification of the declarant is required, including full legal name, home address, date of birth, and contact information. Second, the business name must be declared, along with any other names under which the enterprise operates. Third, the NEQ must be provided if the enterprise has been previously registered; otherwise, a new number will be assigned upon registration. Fourth, the legal form of the enterprise must be specified, whether it is a sole proprietorship (entreprise individuelle), general partnership (société en nom collectif), limited partnership (société en commandite), corporation (société par actions), or cooperative. Fifth, the principal place of business and mailing address must be provided, along with the addresses of any additional business locations in Quebec. Sixth, the sector of activity must be described in detail, including the applicable NAICS/SCIAN code that classifies the enterprise's economic activity. Seventh, information about partners or principal shareholders must be disclosed, including their names, addresses, and ownership percentages. Eighth, the date of constitution or commencement of business activities must be specified. Ninth, the fiscal year end date must be declared for annual reporting purposes. Tenth, a good faith attestation pursuant to article 1375 of the Civil Code of Quebec must confirm the accuracy of the information provided.